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FALL SEMESTER 2018 > micro lab quiz #2 > Flashcards

micro lab quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most useful and widely used test in microbiogy lab

A

gram’s stains

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2
Q

how fast can gram stain give results

A

about 15 minutes

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3
Q

in grams stain what is purple

A

gram positive

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4
Q

in grams stain what is pink

A

gram negative

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5
Q

what are the color in gram stains due to

A

components in cell wall

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6
Q

purple has what kind of cell wall

A

thick

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7
Q

pink has what kind of cell wall

A

thin

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8
Q

the cell wall in gram positive bacteria is

A

90% peptidoglycan and 10% lipid

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9
Q

the cell wall in gram negative bacteria is

A

10% peptidoglycan and 90% lipid

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10
Q

gram stain procedure

A

crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin

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11
Q

why doesn’t the gram negative keep crystal violet

A

cell wall too thin to capture it

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12
Q

why does iodine wash away the crystal violet in gram negative

A

peptidoglycan layer is thin

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13
Q

two ways to tell bacteria apart

A

shape and color they stain

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14
Q

why are gram positive easily treatable with antibiotics

A

they lack the outer phospholipid bilayer (plasma membrane

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15
Q

layers of gram positive bacteria

A

plasma membrane, thick cell wall, outer capsule,

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16
Q

layers of gram negative bacteria

A

plasma membrane, thin cell wall, plasma membrane, outer capsule

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17
Q

purpose of gram stain

A

identify type of bacteria

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18
Q

alcohol is what kind of chemical

A

destaining it has dehydrate nature

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19
Q

when you add alcohol what happens to gram positive

A

capsule goes away and cell wall shrinks

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20
Q

when you add alcohol what happens to gram negative

A

capsule and 2nd plasma membrane goes away and cell wall shrinks

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21
Q

gram negative loose their color because

A

it has such thin cell wall

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22
Q

circle shape

A

cocci

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23
Q

rod shaped

A

bacill

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24
Q

strep bacteria

A

chain

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25
Q

staph bacteria

A

cluster

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26
Q

strepbacillus bacteria

A

chain

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27
Q

exoenzyme test

A

starch and lipids

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28
Q

what can you see in exoenzyme tests

A

can see if an organism can break down large macromolecules that have been placed in the agar

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29
Q

what color does the iodine turn when added to the starch agar

A

black/blue

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30
Q

Absence of the blue-black color indicates

A

the starch is no longer in the medium

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31
Q

what shows a positive reaction for starch test

A

clear zone around bacteria

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32
Q

what does the clear zone in the starch agar indicate

A

starch has been removed in the area around the bacteria

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33
Q

starch hydrolysis

A

starch is broken down

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34
Q

starch tests have a bacterium that has a positive starch test possesses

A

3 enzymes that are needed to break down glucose and maltose (then can be transported into bacteria for energy production

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35
Q

iodine bonds with starch to

A

form a purple precipitate, iodine does not bond with glucose

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36
Q

exoenzymes

A

amylase lipase

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37
Q

hydrolyze

A

digestion by the addition of water

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38
Q

the lipid agar test is supplemented with

A

tributryin, a triglyceride (type of fat)

39
Q

why is the starch agar opaque

A

addition of tributyrin

40
Q

what is positive for starch agar test

A

zone of lipolysis

41
Q

zone of lipolysis

A

organisms excreting lipase

42
Q

lipid plate gets what kind of placement on the agar

A

thick streak

43
Q

starch plate gets kind of placement on the agar

A

squiggly lines

44
Q

selective agars

A

allow certain types of bacteria to grow while inhibiting the growth of other bacteria

45
Q

what are two ways to make agars selective

A

making sure that that macromolecule is the only high quantity food source in an agar, adding dyes, antibiotics, or salt

46
Q

what is a popular ph indicator

A

phenol red

47
Q

what can metabolize mantel

A

s. aures

48
Q

if ph is bellow 6.8

A

yellow

49
Q

if ph is 7.4-8.4

A

red

50
Q

if ph is 8.4 and above

A

hot pink

51
Q

what is likely used when a staph infection is likely or possible

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

52
Q

how does the mannitol salt agar select staphylococcus

A

addition of 7.5% salt

53
Q

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar is used when what is suspected

A

E. coli or another generic gram negative rod

54
Q

how does the EMB select gram negative rods

A

with addition of methylene blue

55
Q

what acts like the ph indicator in EMB

A

eosin

56
Q

what inhibits GPR in EMB

A

methylene

57
Q

what is the food source for EMB

A

lactose

58
Q

what is the food source for MSA

A

mannitol

59
Q

action of MSA

A

selective and differential

60
Q

action for EMB

A

selective and differential

61
Q

action for BAP

A

not selective but differential

62
Q

what is the enzyme that the bacterium must make for MSA

A

mannitol dehydrogenase MDH

63
Q

in MSA what is end product if mannitol is broken down by microbe

A

ethanol

64
Q

if EMB is black/green its

A

lactose postive

65
Q

what is the enzyme needed to break down into galactose and glucose

A

lactase

66
Q

what is the end product of the breakdown of lactose

A

lactic acid

67
Q

why is BAP enriched with whole blood cells

A

certain bacteria produce enzymes capable of breaking down blood cells

68
Q

what do BAP show

A

if bacteria are hemolytic or not

69
Q

beta hemolysis

A

total breakdown of RBC

70
Q

alpha hemolysis

A

breakdown of RBC but not hemogolbin

71
Q

gamma hemolytic

A

growth but no breakdown of RBC

72
Q

is starch selective/ differential

A

not selective but differential

73
Q

is spirit blue selective/ differential

A

not selective but differential

74
Q

what are the main agars you use for a specimen

A

BAP, MSA, EMB

75
Q

colorless in starch plate means

A

starch is no longer there or positive

76
Q

3 enterics

A

Baccillus subtilus, E. coli, L. lactis

77
Q

if lipid plate turns blue to tan what does that mean

A

postive, fatty acid release

78
Q

if the air around the colony does not change color there is no zone of hemolysis then

A

bacteria is considered lipid negative

79
Q

when bacteria that ultilize sugars

A

they produce a lot of waste

80
Q

when bacteria produce a lot of waste then

A

the ph drops

81
Q

acidic waste is

A

flushed out of the bacteria into the agar

82
Q

what happens if bacteria cant flush out waste

A

becomes a coffin

83
Q

what kind of tests are sugar tests

A

differential

84
Q

what kind of ph indicator does carbohydrate test have

A

phenol red

85
Q

E. coli and Ptoteus hauseri are

A

GNR

86
Q

L. lactis and Bacillus subtilis

A

GPR

87
Q

in carb tests if it only had A then

A

it doesn’t need lipid or starch

88
Q

catalase

A

breaks down hydrogen peroxide

89
Q

in catalase test what indicates positive result

A

bubbling

90
Q

in catalase test what indicates negative result

A

no bubble or very little

91
Q

is pseudomonas aeruginosa catalase positive or negative

A

postive

92
Q

S. aures catalase positive or negative

A

postive

93
Q

E. coli catalase positive or negative

A

postive

94
Q

Strep agalactiae catalase positive or negative

A

negative

FALL SEMESTER 2018 (9 decks)

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