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FALL SEMESTER 2018 > MICRO EXAM #3 > Flashcards

MICRO EXAM #3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is fast reproducing

A

S. pneumonia

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2
Q

what happens to cilia in S. pneumonia

A

paralyzed then mucus travel down and carry bacteria

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3
Q

S. pneumonia starts up after

A

flu (secondary infection)`

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4
Q

what did Beijerinick say the causative agent for TMD

A

contagious living fluid

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5
Q

who renamed nuclien to nucleotide

A

levene

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6
Q

who found incorrect theory of tetranuteotide

A

levene

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7
Q

chargoff did what

A

proved Levene wrong

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8
Q

what lead to virology

A

Mayer and beirjerinick work

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9
Q

founder of biology

A

beijernick

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10
Q

what did Mayer think was causing TMD

A

toxin or bacteria

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11
Q

who discovered double helix structure

A

Watson and crick

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12
Q

cause of dysentary

A

shigella dysenteria

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13
Q

what can make shiga toxin

A

shigella dysenteria

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14
Q

who works with dysentary patients

A

Felix d’herrelle

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15
Q

what does Felix d’herrelle want to study

A

why some patients recover from dysentary and some dont

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16
Q

what study did bacteriophage come into play

A

study of dysentary

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17
Q

bacteriophage

A

a virus that parasites a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.

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18
Q

what can bacteriophage play a critical role in

A

human disease

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19
Q

plaque

A

holes that form on petri-plate covered with bacteria, over time, the holes will grow larger until bacteria is destroyed.

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20
Q

bacteriophage theory

A

therapeutic use of lytic bacteriophage to treat pathogenic infections

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21
Q

pyro (bacteriophage theory)

A

throat

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22
Q

Staphy ((bacteriophage theory)

A

drink

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23
Q

rhino ((bacteriophage theory)

A

nasal spray

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24
Q

bacteriophage theory vs antibiotic theory

A

bacteria can develop resistance to phages, phages will evolve too. easier to develop new bacteriophages than antibiotics

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25
Q

characteristics of viruses

A
  1. nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) 2. protein coat 3. all virus inject nucleic acid into host cells 4. host cells are taken over to make new viruses
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26
Q

head of virus

A

capsid, nuclei (dna, rna)

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27
Q

tail of virus

A

sheath, plug, tail fibers

28
Q

what makes the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone

A

sugar and phosphate

29
Q

conjugation

A

physical contact,

30
Q

what is least common

A

transformation

31
Q

what goes form same genus and species

A

transformation

32
Q

bacteria are well known for something called

A

horizontal gene transfer

33
Q

bacteria can pass genes to

A

offspring, neighboring bacteria, or even not same genus or species

34
Q

exchange of genes from one bacterium to another

A

transformation and conjugation

35
Q

exchange of genes from virus to bacterium

A

transduction

36
Q

transformation

A

donor bacteria chromosome, bacteria cell wall opens, reciepeint bacterium needs DNA binding protein

37
Q

conjugation

A

two bacteria exchange small pieces of DNA through mating tubes. long mating tube called fimbrae

38
Q

plasmid

A

circular dna

39
Q

conjugation dan replicates by

A

rolling circle mechanism

40
Q

what often give antibiotic resistance to organisms

41
Q

antibiotic

A

molecules that cause damage to bacteria

42
Q

what was penicillin originally made by

43
Q

what makes antibiotics

44
Q

plasmid is

A

extrachromosomal DNA

45
Q

chromosomes

A

thread like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus

46
Q

what does chromosomes do

A

binds and condenses DNA molecule to prevent it from becoming unmanageable tangle

47
Q

4 ways bacteria become antibiotic resistant

A
  1. efflux pump: transfer protein leads antibiotics out 2. impermeability: antibiotic cant cant though at all (structure of cell wall) 3: modified target: modifies ribosome by slight protein change 4: destruction: production of new enzyme
48
Q

what bacteria does modified target very often

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

49
Q

bacteria become antibiotic resistant #4

A

s. aures or penicillin

50
Q

in order for microbes to become resistant, two things must happen

A

variations must be heritable, variations must have potential to affect microbes fitness

51
Q

new antibiotic resistance mechanism that is not heritable

A

s. p can serve and grow in antibiotic if there is enough antibiotic-resistant bacteria around it

52
Q

what is required in transduction

A

bacteriophage and 2 bacteria

53
Q

does 2nd phage have its own DNA

A

NO because recipient isn’t killed and use bacterium DNA as their own

54
Q

human genes only transfer their genes

A

vertically

55
Q

biofilm breakaway

A

killer bacteriophage inserts this gene into dna of biolfim producing bacteria. new gene codes for breakaway enzyme and it cannot be turned off . rapidly stops biofilm production and antibodies come in and destroy bacteria

56
Q

in 1950 what was created

A

cdc in atlanta GA

57
Q

why was cdc created

A

to combat malaria

58
Q

cdc helped by

A

vaccine research, polio research, bacteriophage research, cancer research, investment into electron microscope

59
Q

4 things Watson and crick new

A
  1. building blocks of dna were nucleotides, 2.each nucleotide has one base 3. bases are bonded too sugars. 4. sugars are bonded to phosphate group
60
Q

what causes thrush

A

ph level drops and bacteria die, fungi and yeast grow

61
Q

Candida albicans

A

ORAL yeast infection, thrush, vaginitis

62
Q

what cause rough s. pneumonia to become smooth

A

transforming principle of dam

63
Q

group a can cause

A

strep throat or secondary infections

64
Q

what is resistant to many medications

A

staph. aureus

65
Q

MRSA

A

staph. aureus Constantine mutating and becoming resistant

66
Q

shiva toxin in e. coli

67
Q

found in fresh or sea water

A

vibrio choleae

FALL SEMESTER 2018 (9 decks)

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