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Anatomy > reproductive questions > Flashcards

reproductive questions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What general structures are found in both male and female reproductive systems?
A

Gonads
Ducts
Accessory glands/organs
External genitalia

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2
Q
  1. What are the general functions of the gonads?
A

Production/maturation of gametes

Production of hormones

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3
Q
  1. What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
A

Arteries
Veins
Lymphatics
Ductus deferens

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4
Q
  1. Describe the two muscles of the scrotum.
A

Dartos muscle:
Outer smooth muscle layer
Produces the tone and wrinkled appearance of the scrotum

Cremaster muscle:
Inner skeletal muscle layer
Draws testes against body for warmth or during sexual arousal

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5
Q
  1. What tissue makes up the bulk of the testes?
A

Seminiferous tubules

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6
Q
  1. Describe the morphology of the mature sperm cell.
A

Head – contains genetic material
Neck – contains mitochondria
Tail – the flagellum

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7
Q
  1. How many cell divisions are required to generate mature spermatozoa?
A

Three: one mitosis and two meiosis

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8
Q
  1. List, in order, the ducts through which spermatozoa travel.
A 
Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules
Rete testes
Collecting ducts
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
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9
Q
  1. What event finally elicits full function of the sperm flagellum?
A

Exposure to seminal fluid

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10
Q
  1. Name the three accessory glands of the male reproductive system.
A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland

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11
Q
  1. What important products are found in secretions of the seminal vesicles?
A

Fructose
Prostaglandins
fibrinogen

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12
Q
  1. The release of what chemical compound causes penile erection?
A

Nitric oxide (NO)

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13
Q
  1. What part of the female reproductive system is most similar to the male?
A

Clitoris – penis

Ovary - testicle

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14
Q
  1. What hormones are produced by the ovaries?
A

Estrogens
Progesterone
Inhibin

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15
Q
  1. Name two portions of the mesentery that support the female reproductive system.
A

Broad ligament

Mesovarium

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16
Q
  1. What are the stages of follicle development?
A

Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Tertiary (Graafian) follicle

17
Q
  1. What anatomical change marks the maturation from one stage of follicle development to the next?
A

Primordial – primary follicle:
Squamous epi – cuboidal plus appearance of granulosa cells and zona pelucida
Primary – secondary follicle:
Appearance of antrum and follicular fluid
Secondary – tertiary follicle:
Oocyte breaks free of follicle wall

18
Q
  1. How many cell divisions are required to generate mature oocytes?
A

Three: one mitosis and two meiosis

19
Q
  1. When do those cell divisions occur?
A

Mitosis – occurs before birth to generate the final number of primordial follicles
Meiosis 1 – starts during gestation, but is frozen at prophase; this meiosis continues selectively after puberty
Meiosis 2 – frozen in metaphase at ovulation, completed at fertilization

20
Q
  1. What event marks the final maturation of the oocyte?
A

Fertilization

21
Q
  1. What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?
A

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

22
Q
  1. What hormone is produced during the luteal phase, what is it’s function, and what is the source of this hormone?
A

Progesterone
Prepares uterus for implantation
Cholesterol from corpus luteum (follicular and thecal luteal cells)

23
Q
  1. How are oocytes transported through the uterine tubes?
A

Ciliary action

Peristaltic contractions

24
Q
  1. Describe the difference between vaginal epithelia and other parts of the female reproductive system.
A 
vagina = mildly keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, with folds (rugae)
Others = simple columnar (some ciliated, some glandular)
25
Q
  1. What accessory gland in the female is the equivalent of the male prostate gland.
A

Paraurethral glands, AKA Skene’s glands or lesser vestibular glands

Anatomy (28 decks)

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