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Anatomy > anatomy urinary final 2 > Flashcards

anatomy urinary final 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five known functions of intraglomerular mesangial cells

A

structural support of glomerular capillaries
regulation of the glomerular filtration rate
mesangial matrix formation
Phagocytosis
monitoring of capillary lumen glucose concentration.

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2
Q

produces a messangial matrix which contains fibronectin, type 4 collagen, prelecan and laminin

A

mesangial cells

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3
Q

Glomerular capillaries are fenestrated by

a two-layered filtration membrane called:

A

Fenestrated capillaries / Endothelial cells

podocytes

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4
Q

What cells cells control capillary blood flow

A

Mesangial cells

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5
Q

What kind of epithilium does the Proximal convoluted tubule have?

Whats the purpose

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli

Reabsorb organic nutrients, water, ions and plasma proteins

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6
Q

what is the Loop of Henle

What kind of epithelium does it have?

A

Descending and ascending limbs, each containing a thick and thin segment
Thin = simple squamous epithelium, thick = cuboidal
Descending = permeable to water, reabsorbs Na and Cl
Ascending = impermeable, but actively moves ions

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7
Q

what is the purpose of Distal convoluted tubule

what kind of epithilium does it have

A

Important for:
Secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins
Reabsorption of Na and Ca
Reabsorption of water

  1. Epithelium is simple cuboidal WITHOUT microvilli
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8
Q

What are the two cell types of collecting duct that work together to control the acid-base balance of the blood

A

Principal cells – reabsorb water and secrete K

Intercalated cells
Alpha IC secrete H and reabsorb HCO3
Beta IC secrete HCO3 and reabsorb H

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9
Q

What are the two cell types of collecting duct that work together to control the acid-base balance of the blood

A

Principal cells – reabsorb water and secrete K

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10
Q

What are the two types of Intercalated cells?

What do they absorb and secrete?

A

Alpha IC(Intercalated cells) secrete H and reabsorb HCO3

Beta IC secrete HCO3 and reabsorb H

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11
Q

what ducts do nephrons pass through to reach the minor calyx

A

Several individual nephrons empty into a collecting duct
Several collecting ducts empty into a papillary duct
Papillary ducts converge as a minor calyx

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12
Q

What are the three stages of urine formation?

A

Filtration
reabsorption
secretion

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13
Q

describe filtration

A

Filtration – solutes pass through filtration membrane of renal corpuscle

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14
Q

describe reabsorption

A

Reabsorption – removal of water and solutes from that filtrate

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15
Q

describe secretion

A

Secretion – a backup process for filtration in which materials move from peritubular fluids into the collecting tubule, an important route for the removal of many drugs

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16
Q

What is transport maximum? (T^m)

What does it secrete and/or absorb?

A

Transport Maximum (Tm) = saturation level of the transport system (carrier proteins)

Secretion seldom saturates in healthy people
Reabsorption can saturate, especially after a meal, so glucose and amino acids can show up in urine

17
Q

What is the adverage amount of filtration produced each minute? (GFR)

A

Amount of filtrate produce each minute = average of 125 mL/minute

18
Q

Glomeruli produce about ___ liters of filtrate each day, but most (__%) is reabsorbed

A

180 liters

99%

19
Q

GFR is controlled by:

A

Autoregulation
Hormonal control
Autonomic regulation

20
Q

What are the functions of the renal tubule?

A

reabsorb organic nutrients
reabsorb 90% of water
secretes remaining waste

21
Q

What are the Three types of organic waste:

A

Urea = generated through breakdown of amino acids

Creatinine = breakdown product of creatine phosphate during skeletal muscle contraction

Uric acid = waste formed through recycling of nitrogen bases from RNA

22
Q

how is Urea formed?

A

Urea = generated through breakdown of amino acids

23
Q

how is creatinine formed?

A

Creatinine = breakdown product of creatine phosphate during skeletal muscle contraction

24
Q

How is uric acid formed?

A

Uric acid = waste formed through recycling of nitrogen bases from RNA

Anatomy (28 decks)

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