Lymphatic 2

Question 1

External respiration

Internal respiration

Answer 1

External respiration-•exchange of O2 and CO2 between interstitial fluids and the environment, designed to meet the respiratory demands of the cells

•Internal respiration = absorption of O2 and the release of CO2 by those cells

Question 2

2. 1 during resting respiration inspiration is done by what?

2. 2 during resting respiration expiration is done by what?

Answer 2

2. 1 The diaphragm

2. 2 Passive recoil of ribcage

Question 3

3. 1 during active respiration inspiration is done by what?

3. 2 during active respiration expiration is done by what?

Answer 3

3. 1 diaphragm,neck, and pectoral muscles

3. 2 ribcage, and Abdominal wall

Question 4

What are the steps of external respiration?

Answer 4

Pulmonary ventilation
Gas diffusion
Transport of gases

Question 5

Boyle’s law

Henry’s law?

What is Dalton’s law?

Answer 5

1 As volume increases pressure decreases

2. Diffusion of gas molecules between air and fluid is also proportional to the partial pressure of that gas (Henry’s Law)
3. Dalton’s law- Atmospheric pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of all gases present

Question 6

What factors effect compliance?

Answer 6

Connective tissue in lungs
alveolar collapse
Thoracic immobility

Question 7

Where is pulmonary pressure ?

what is Plural pressure caused by?

Answer 7

In the lung

the battle between elastic fibers of the lung tissue (wanting to contract) and the fluid bond between the visceral and parietal pleura

Question 8

7.6 Plural pressure averages about -4mm hg and has a maximum of?

Answer 8

18mm Hg

Question 9

7.7 Pleural pressure is always considered ______ because it’s always lower than atmospheric

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

5.6 What is intrapulmonary pressure?

Answer 10

The pressure inside the lungs during inspiration when the pressure is negative

Question 11

1 What is the average respiratory rate of a healthy adult male?

Answer 11

Between 12 -18 (Breaths per minute)

Question 12

3 What is tidal volume?

4 What is respiratory minute volume?

Answer 12

3 The volume of air inspired or expired in a single breath

4 Total volume of air moved each minute

Question 13

7 What is residual volume?

Answer 13

Air left in lungs

Question 14

8 What is minimal volume?

Answer 14

Air left if lungs where to collapse (anatomical dead space)

Question 15

9 What is functional residual capacity?

Answer 15

air remaining in the lungs following a resting expiration

Question 16

11. What is vital capacity for males and females?

Answer 16

•Vital capacity = maximum volume of air for a single respiratory cycle (4800 ml for males, 3700 ml for females)

Question 17

12. What is total lung capacity for males and females?

Answer 17

•Total lung capacity = total volume of lungs (6000 ml for males, 4200 ml for females)

Question 18

How many layers thick is the respiratory membrane?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

16 where does oxygen flow in the pulmonary capillary? In or out?

Answer 19

Pulmonary capillary- oxygen flows in carbon dioxide flows out(external respiration)

Question 20

17 where does oxygen flow in the systemic capillary? In or out?

Answer 20

Systemic capillary- oxygen flows out carbon dioxide flows in (internal respiration)

Question 21

18.5 How many O2 molecules can each Hemoglobin carry?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

18.6 What is oxyHemoglobin formation (saturation) affected by?

Answer 22

Partial pressure of O2
pH: acidic pH changes shape of Hb molecule, causing it to release oxygen more readily
Temperature: elevation causes reduced saturation
Metabolic activity of the RBC: elevation also causes reduced saturation

Question 23

20 How is CO2 transported in the blood stream?

Answer 23

• Conversion to carbonic acid
• Bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
• Dissolved in plasma