Lymphatic 3 Flashcards
Apneustic
Stimulates VRG and DRG can cause gasping
Pneumotic
High signaling causes small fast breaths low signaling causes long deep breaths
How many bifurcations does the respritory tree undergo between trachea and alveoli?
20-27
- What is the most common epithelial type found in respiratory mucosa?
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
- Where in that respiratory mucosa would you expect to find a simple cuboidal epithelium?
branchials
- Name two tissues or cells that decrease in prominence as you move from trachea to alveolar sacs.
Cartilage
globocells
- How many cell layers thick is the wall of an alveolar sac
1
- What substance is produced by type 2 pneumocytes?
Surfactant
32 intrapleural pressure is cause by what two opposing forces?
Lung tissue recoil
pressure of liquids
- What molecule in hemoglobin binds oxygen?
Iron 2+ or FE2+
- How does temperature affect Hb saturation?
Temperature: elevation causes reduced saturation
- Name three ways c02 can be transported in blood
- Conversion to carbonic acid
- Bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
- Dissolved in plasma
- The homeostatic mechanism that can control internal respiration is called what?
Autoregulation
- What type of receptor is sensitive to the partial pressure of CO2? What does it do
•Central Chemoreceptors (CCR), primarily responsible for the breathing stimulation, are affected by the PaCO2.
- Which medullary center is responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing?
- Which medullary center is responsible for a sudden very active inspiration, like a gasp?
- Dorsal respritory group
59. Ventral respritory group
- What are the two respiratory centers in the pons called?
Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers regulate the depth and rate of respiration
61.Which pontine center inhibits inspiratory neurons to allow the switch to expiration?
Pneumotaxic centers inhibit the inspiratory centers to allow the switch to expiration;
- What receptor signals that the lungs are near their filling capacity?
Stretch receptor
- Name three stimuli to which chemoreceptors are sensitive.
Co2
Ph
Lactic acid
- What two cranial nerves carry information from chemoreceptors and baroreceptors?
Vagus, glossopharyngeal
or
cranial nerves IX, X
Hering-Breuer reflexes-
Examples?
stimulated by stretch receptors these prevent over inflation or underinflation of lung tissue.
EX Inflation Deflation reflex
Inflation Reflex
Deflation reflex
- Inflation Reflex: activation of stretch receptors causes inhibition of DRG and stimulation of VRG expiratory centers
- Deflation Reflex: controlled by alveolar volume which stimulates inspiration when lung volume decreases
Protective reflexes
Certain irritants can cause coughing, sneezing, or laryngeal spasm depending on the area stimulated.
