Heart 1 Flashcards
1 What structures are included in the cardiovascular system?
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
- What does “systemic” and “pulmonary” mean?
Systemic- body
Pulmonary- Lungs
- Name two exceptions to the rule that “veins carry deoxygenated blood”?
pulmonary vein, umbilical veins
- Are there any exceptions to the rule that arteries carry deoxygenated blood
pulmonary arteries
- What structures are contained within the mediastinum?
The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity it contains the
Heart,Major vessels, Esophagus, trachea, and Thymus
- What is the function of the pericardium?
Protection, structure for the heart, Friction helps in preventing heartbeat damage
- Describe the relationship between the visceral and parietal serous membranes of the pericardium?
Visceral(inner layer)
Fluid lubricant
Parietal paricardia layers
Dense fibrous layer (outer layer)
- Name the four chambers of the heart. Which of those four is strongest?
Left and right ventricle
Left and right atria
Left ventricle is strongest
- What surface feature separates the atria from the ventricles?
Coronal sulcus- deep grooves that separate atria and ventricles
Name the layers of the heart wall, from the inside to the outside, Which layer is the thinnest?
Endocardium (inner)-the visceral pericardium
Myocardium(thickest layer)-cardiac muscle, vessels and nerves
Epicardium (outer)-simple squamous epithelium that covers the interior surfaces of the heart
12.Name three junctions that are important for connecting cardiac myocytes end-to-end.
Desmosomes, gap junctions, fascia adhesions
- Name three ways cardiac and skeletal muscle differ.
Intercalated disc
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones
Skeletal muscles have many nuclei Cardiac generally has one
More mitochondria in cardiac muscle
- What is the function of heart valves?
Prevent blood from flowing back
- Describe the flow of blood, starting at the (inf/sup) vena cava and ending with the aorta
Right ventricle, to pulmonary artery, to lungs, to pulmonary veins, to left atrium, to left ventricle, to aorta
- Name three vessels that bring blood into the right atrium.
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, Coronary sinus
- The fossa ovalis is a remnant of what feature of the fetal heart?
Foramen ovale
- Where is pectinate muscles most prominent?
Atrium (the appendage floppy part)
- Describe the structures that stabilize the AV valves to prevent backflow
Tricuspid valve- allows blood to flow from right atrium to right ventricle
Bicuspid valve- allows blood into left ventricle
The aortic valve- prevents backflow of blood being pumped from left ventricle into the aortic arch
19.5 Left ventricular walls are much thicker than the right ventricle. Why?
Left ventricle Has to push blood much further than right
- What vessels bring blood into the left atrium?
2 Superior and 2 inferior pulmonary veins
- Which valves are open and which are closed while ventricles are contracting
When the ventricles are contracting, the AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open.
Right AV or tricuspid valve(closed)
Left AV or Bicuspid valve(closed)
Aortic valve(open)
Pulmonary valve(open)
- What is the function of the cardiac fibrous skeleton?
- Provides physical support for myocardium, nerves and vessels
- Distributes the forces of contraction
- Prevents overexpansion of the heart
- Provides elasticity that allows the heart to return to normal size after each contraction
