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Anatomy > Blood chapter 19 part 2 > Flashcards

Blood chapter 19 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the difference between leukopenia, leukocytosis, and Leukemia
A

Leukopenia- not enough white blood cells do to bleeding or difficientsy
Leukocytosis- To many WBC
Leukemia-(EXtreme Leukocytosis) a cancer of the body’s blood forming system (usually WBCs formed in excess and released as immature forms)

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2
Q
  1. Which type of WBC is NOT produced from a myeloid stem cell?
A

Lymphocytes are produced from lymphoid stem cells

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3
Q

What do myeloid stem cells produce?

A

RBCs
Platelets
All WBCs except lymphocytes

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4
Q
  1. What specific hormone will promote the development of granulocytes from myeloid stem cells?
A

G-CFM

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5
Q
  1. What happens to an erythroblast just prior to it entering circulation?
A

It loses its nucleus

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6
Q
  1. When does a monocyte truly become a mature cell? When do Granulocytes?
A

When it migrates into a peripheral tissue. Granulocytes stay in the red marrow until they are mature

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7
Q
  1. Lymphoid stem cells are created in red bone marrow. Where do lymphocytes typically mature?
A

Lymphoid stem cells can migrate from red marrow to other lymph tissues (spleen, thymus, lymph nodes).

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8
Q
  1. Hormones stimulate the production of most WBC. What stimulates the production of lymphocytes?
A

Antigen or antibody presentation

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9
Q

What are platelets shaped like? How long is there lifespan? How many are there?

A

Non-nucleated, spindle-shaped cell fragments, 4 um in length and 1 um thick
Platelets have a lifespan of 9-12 days, and a normal circulating platelet count = 350,000/ul
•Release chemicals to initiate and control the clotting process
•Aggregate to form temporary patches (platelet plug) in wall of damaged blood vessels
•Actin and myosin filaments within platelets contract after a blood clot is formed to reduce the size of the vessel wall damage

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10
Q
  1. Describe the typical inactive platelet?
A

Really small compared to red blood cell spindle shape

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11
Q
  1. What is a typical normal platelet count?
A

35,000 platelets per microliter

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12
Q
  1. What specific signal can stimulate platelet production by megakaryocytes.
A

•Megakaryocytes are stimulated to do so by Thrombopoietin (TPO), a hormone produced by kidneys that accelerates platelet formation

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13
Q

How do megakaryocytes create platelets and how many do they make?

A
  • Platelets are produced by megakaryocytes shedding bits of membrane-enclosed cytoplasm.
  • Each megakaryocyte will produce about 4000 platelets.
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14
Q
  1. Define Hemostasis
A

Hemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop. It is the first stage of wound healing.

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15
Q
  1. What are the three phases of hemostasis?
A
  • Vascular Phase
  • Platelet Phase
  • Coagulation Phase
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16
Q
  1. What happens during the vascular phase of hemostasis?
A
  • Damage to a vessel wall causes a local contraction (shrinking) referred to as a vascular spasm
  • The vascular spasm lasts about 30 minutes and includes:
  • Contraction of endothelial cells to expose underlying basement membrane
  • Release of both clotting factors and growth factors (hormones to promote regrowth)
  • Endothelial cell membranes become “sticky”
17
Q
  1. What happens during the platelet phase of hemostasis?
A
  • Starts with attachment of platelets to sticky endothelial cells, exposed basement membrane and collagen fibers (platelet adhesion)
  • Continued platelet aggregation leading to platelet plug
  • Platelet activation includes:
  • They become more spherical and extend cytoplasmic processes (they look hairy)
  • They release ADP, thromboxane A, serotonin, clotting and growth factors (PDGF), and calcium ions to promote further aggregation and repair
  • Prostacyclin and other factors work to limit the size of the platelet plug
18
Q
  1. What happens during the coagulation phase of hemostasis?
A

Coagulation or blood clotting

19
Q
  1. What is the importance of compounds like antithrombin-III heparin, and thrombin?
A

Limit coagulation process from getting out of hand

20
Q
  1. What is the source of activation of the intrinsic pathway?
A

•Intrinsic pathway – Enzymes (Factor XII) activated by exposure to revealed collagen fibers

21
Q
  1. What is the source of activation of the Extrinsic pathway
A

•Extrinsic pathway – Tissue factor (Factor III) released from damaged endothelial cells

22
Q
  1. What do we call the process of clot dissolution?, and what enzyme is responsible?
    Fibrinolysis is the process of clot dissolution
A

The Enzyme Plasmin is responsible

Anatomy (28 decks)

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