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mic cabatu Physiology > Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

defined by Sex Chromosome

A

Genetic Sex

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2
Q

Defined by Presence of Ovaries /Testes

A

Gonadal Sex

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3
Q

Defined by characteristics of internal genital tract and external genitalia?

A

Phenotypic Sex

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4
Q

internal Genital tract in Males

A

Prostate, Seminal Vesicles, Vas Deferens, Epididymis

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5
Q

Internal Genital Tract in Females

A

Fallopian Tube, Uterus, Upper 1/3 Vagina

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6
Q

External Genital tract in Males

A

Scrotum, Penis

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7
Q

External Genital tract in Females

A

Clitoris, Labia Minora & Majora, Lower 2/3 Vagina

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8
Q

secreted by Sertoli Cells to cause atrophy of Mullerian ducts (FEMALE)

A

Antimullerian Hormone

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9
Q

secreted by Leydig Cells for Growth of Wolffian duct (MALE)

A

testosterone

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10
Q

which substance is suspected to initiate puberty?

A

Melatonin

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11
Q

what conditions may inhibit the onset of puberty?

A

Stress, Malnutrition

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12
Q

what is the first event in puberty?

A

Males: Testicular Enlargement

Females: Breast Enlargement

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13
Q

which hormone causes adrenarche (pubic hair, axillary hair development) in females?

A

Adrenal Androgens

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14
Q

XY

A

male

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15
Q

XX

A

female

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16
Q

Testosterone functions

A
  1. differentiation of epididymis, vas deferens & seminal vesicles
  2. descent of testes
  3. increased bone and muscle mass
  4. increases BMR
  5. Pubertal growth spurt
  6. epiphyseal closure
  7. growth of penis & seminal vesicles
  8. deepening of voice
  9. spermatogenesis
  10. negative feedback on anterior pituitary
  11. libido
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17
Q

Dihydrotestosterone functions

A
  1. differentiation of penis, scrotum, and prostate
  2. male hair pattern
  3. male pattern baldness
  4. sebaceous gland activity
  5. growth of prostate
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18
Q

for sperm production

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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19
Q

for sperm maturation, motility

A

Epidydimis

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20
Q

for sperm storage

A

vas deferens

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21
Q

for sperm nutrition, etc. (FRUCTOSE, PROSTAGLANDIN)

A

Seminal Vesicles

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22
Q

for Semen Alkalinity (Spermine)

A

Prostate Gland

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23
Q

supplies Mucus

A

Urethral gland Bulbuurethral Glands

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24
Q

Path of SEMEN

SEVEN UP

A 
S-eminiferous tubules
E-pididymis
V-as deferens
E-jaculatory duct
N-none
U-rethra
P-enis
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25
Q

testes temperature

A

1-2 degree celcius cooler

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26
Q

responsible for testes temperature

A

countercurrent exchange of the testicular vessels

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27
Q

duration of spermatogenesis

A

64 days

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28
Q

sperm production per day

A

128 million

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29
Q

activation of sperm in the female genital tract for 4-6 hours

A

capacitation

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30
Q

what is the Enzyme that convert androstenedione to testosterone?

A

17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

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31
Q

what is the enzyme that convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?

A

5a reductase

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32
Q

what is the 5a-reductase inhibitor used for male pattern baldness and BPH?

A

Finasteride

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33
Q

granulosa cells

Theca Cells

A

Estrogen

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34
Q

Luteal Cells

A

Progesterone

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35
Q

stages of Male Sexual Act

A

erection
lubrication
orgasm
resolution

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36
Q

contracts vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate

A

Emission

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37
Q

contracts bulbocsvernous, ischcavernous

A

ejaculation

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38
Q

cell which determine Sex of a Baby

A

sperm cell

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39
Q

part of the sperm cell that contains hyaluronidase, proteolytic enzymes

A

acrosome

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40
Q

acrosome comes from which organelle?

A

Golgi Apparatus

41
Q

definition of Low Sperm Count

A

<20 million sperms/,;

42
Q

sequelae of Cryptorchidism

A

infertility

testicular CA

43
Q

loss of body hair, musculature, thick bones, decreased libido

A

Castration after puberty

44
Q

vestigial remnant of 3rd eye; secretes melatonin which is involve in reproduction and sex drive

A

Pineal Gland

45
Q

Primordial Follicle

A

Granulosa Cell

46
Q

Primary Follicle

A

Theca Interna

Theca Externa

47
Q

provides nourishment to ovum

secretes inhibiting factor to keep ovum in prophase

A

Granulosa Cells

48
Q

secrete estrogen & progesterone

A

Theca Interna

49
Q

becomes capsule of the follice

A

theca Externa

50
Q

it forms Corona Radiata and secrete estrogen-rich fluid(forms ANtrum)

A

Granulosa Cells

51
Q

secrete adrenal cortex & theca cells

A

Estrone

52
Q

secreted by ovaries

A

Estradiol

53
Q

secreted by placenta

A

Estriol

54
Q

enzyme that catalyzes conversion of Androstenodione -> Estrone & Testosterone -> Estradiol

A

Aromatase

55
Q

seen during reproductive years

A

Estradiol

56
Q

seen during pregnancy

A

Estriol

57
Q

seen post-menopause

A

estrone

58
Q

secreted by the corpus luteum, placenta, adrenal cortex, testes

A

progesterone

59
Q

Estrogen Functions

A
  1. maturation of uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina
  2. breast development
  3. development of granulosa cells
  4. up-regulation of estrogen, progesterone, and LH receptors
  5. negative and positive feedback effects on FSH and LH secretion
  6. maintenaceof pregnancy
  7. lowering of uterine threshold to contractile stimuli
  8. stimulates prolactin secretion
  9. blocks action of prolactin on breast
  10. slightly increases BMR but causes fat deposition
  11. creates soft skin
  12. inhibits osteoclasts
60
Q

Progesterone Functions

A
  1. maintenace of secretory activity of uterus during luteal phase
  2. breast development
  3. negative feedback effects on FSH and LH secretion
  4. maintence of pregnancy
  5. raising uterine threshold to contractile stimuli during pregnancy
61
Q

will cause menses

A

corpus albicans

62
Q

trigger for menstruation

A

Progesterone

63
Q

estrogen predominates

A

Follicular/Proliferative Phase

64
Q

progesterone predominates

A

Luteal/Secretory Phase

65
Q

Endometrial Cycle

A

Proliferative
Secretory
Menses

66
Q

stromal & epithelial cells proliferate

cervical mucus: thin, stringy, (+) ferning

A

Proliferative Phase

67
Q

increased tortuosity of glands and blood vessels
increased lipid & glycogen in the stromal cells
Cervical Mucus: thick, non-elastic, (-) ferning

A

Secretory Phase

68
Q

due to cessation of Progesterone

(+) necrosis of endometrium, bleeding and desquamation

A

Menses

69
Q

Menstruation

A

Estrogen: dec
Progesterone: dec
FSH: dec
LH: dec

70
Q

Follicular Phase

A

Estrogen: inc
Progesterone: dec
FSH: inc
LH: dec

71
Q

Ovulation

A

Estrogen: inc
Progesterone: dec
FSH: inc
LH: inc

72
Q

Luteal phase

A

Estrogen: dec
Progesterone: inc
FSH: dec
LH: dec

73
Q

produced by ovarian granulosa cell and inhibits FSH secretion from anterior pituitary

A

Inhibin

74
Q

produced by ovarian granulosa cell and stimulates FSH secretion from anterior pituitary

A

Activin

75
Q

average age menarche,menopause

A

menarch: 13
menopause: 45

76
Q

number of lifetime mature follicles

A

400 follicles

77
Q

peak of sexual desire

A

just before ovulation

78
Q

helps in fertility

A

female orgasm

79
Q

fertilized ovum implanting on uterus

A

blastocyst

80
Q

number of hours eggs to be fertilized

A

24 hours

81
Q

hours of sperms to be fertilized

A

1-5 days

82
Q

site of fertilization

A

Ampulla of oviduct

83
Q

cells of the blastocyst that digest and liquifies the endometrium for invasion

A

trophoblast

84
Q

nutrient-rich endometrium invaded by trophoblast

A

decidua

85
Q

provides nutrients by day 16

A

placenta

86
Q

produced by Syncitiotrophoblast

A

B-HCG

87
Q

prevents menstruation

causes growth of endometrium

A

Rescues corpus luteum

88
Q

produced by fetal adrenal gland

A

estrogen

89
Q

produced by
corpus luteum in 1st trimester
placenta by 2nd & 3rd trimester

A

Progesterone

90
Q

AKA Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin

A

Human Placental LActogen

91
Q

Human Placental LActogen function

A
  1. promotes growth of the fetus
  2. promotes insulin resistance in the mother
  3. promotes Lipolysis from mother
  4. index of placental well-being
92
Q

physiologic changes in pregnancy

A 
weight gain - 24 pounds
BMR inc 15%
Nutrional demand - Iron, vit D, Vit K
CO inc 40%
blood volume - 30%
o2 usage - inc 20%
minute ventilation inc 50%
renal tubule reabsorptive capacity for Na, Cl, H2O inc 50%
GFR inc 50%
93
Q

lactation is maintained by

A

suckling

94
Q

lactation inhibit

A

ovulation

95
Q

what stimulates growth of the male external genital organs

A

DHT

96
Q

what substance acts to stimulate Leydig cell production of testosterone in males?

A

LH

97
Q

all of the following are functions of estrogen EXCEPT?

a. breast and genital development in females
b. female fat distribution
c. upregulation of estrogen, LH and progesterone receptors
d. increase sex hormone binding globulin
e. none

A

d. increase sex hormone binding globulin

98
Q

during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, what is the effect of estrogen on the pituitary?

A

negative feedback

99
Q

why does lactation not occur during pregnancy?

A

estrogen and progesterone block prolactin’s effects on the breast

mic cabatu Physiology (12 decks)

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