Motor Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
Red/ slow twitch
A
Type 1
2
Q
Endurance
A
Type 1
3
Q
White/ fast twitch
A
Type 2
4
Q
Powerful muscle contraction
A
Type 2
5
Q
Are united/contract together as one
Contain gap junctions
Course muscle control rough
A
Unitary smooth muscle
6
Q
Example of Unitary smooth muscle
A
Uterus
7
Q
No GAP junction
Fine motor control
Act on their own
A
Multi-unit Smooth muscle
8
Q
Example of Multi-unit Smooth muscle
A
Ciliary, pupil
9
Q
Intrafusal
A
Muscle spindle
10
Q
For muscle contraction
A
Extrafusal
11
Q
Rhythmic, intermittent
A
Physic Smooth Muscles
12
Q
Continuously active
A
Tonic Smooth muscle
13
Q
This is characteristic of type II muscle fiber?
A
Larger in size
14
Q
Functional unit of muscle
A
Sarcomere
15
Q
Surrounds muscle fiber
A
Endomysium
16
Q
Surrounds muscle fascicle
A
Perimysium
17
Q
Surrounds skeletal muscle
A
Epimysium
18
Q
Border
A
Z line
19
Q
Thick filament
A
A
20
Q
Only actin
No myosin
A
I band
21
Q
Middle
A
M line
22
Q
Plasma membrane surround muscle fiber
A
Sarcolemma
23
Q
Endoplasmic reticulum surrounding nyo fibril
Contains calcium
A
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
24
Q
Invagination a of the Sarcoplasmic in close proximity to the terminal cistern are of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum
A
Transverse tubules
25
Tethers Mysosin to Z lines (scaffolding); binds z lines to M line
Titin
26
Largest protein in the body
Titin
27
Stabilizes sarcoma a & prevents contraction-induced rupture
Dystrophin
28
Binds Actin to Z lines
Actin in, Capz protein
29
Binds Z lines to sarcolemma
Desmin
30
Acts as a molecular ruler that sets the length of actin during assembly
Nebulin
31
Area between two Z lines
Exhibited by skeletal and cardiac muscles
Has thick and thin filaments
Sarcomere
32
Myosin
Thick filaments
33
Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Thin filament
34
Attaches troponin complex to tropomyosin
Troponin T
35
Inhibits actin-myosin binding
Troponin I
36
Calcium binding protein
Troponin C
37
Involves motor neurons and extramural fibers
Skeletal Muscle contraction
38
Sliding filament model
Skeletal Muscle contraction
39
What is the distance achieved in each cross-bridge cycle?
10 nanomeres
40
Blocks release of Ach from pre-synaptic terminals
Botulinus toxin
41
Competes with Ach for receptors on Motor End Plate
Curare
42
Inhibits Acetlycholinesterase
Neostigmine
43
Blocks reputable of Choline into pre synaptic terminal
Hemicholinium
44
Which of the following temporal sequences is correct for excitation contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?
Action potential in the muscle membrane, depolarization of T tubules, release of Ca from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum
45
In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling?
Depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane
46
Purely intracellular Ca/SR
Skeletal
47
Both intracellular & extracellular Ca
Cardiac
48
Purely extracellular Ca
| Rudimentary SR/ ill develop
Smooth Muscle
49
All muscle fibers innervated by a single motor nerve fiber
Motor unit
50
Also called FINAL COMMON PAthway, Lower motor Neuron
Alpha Motor Neurons
51
Small motor units are recruited first before Big Motor Units
Size Principle
52
Multiple Fiber Summation
Spatial Summation
53
Frequency Summation
Temporal Summation
54
Each contraction occurs after complete relaxation producing stronger contraction each time
Staircase (Treppe) Effect
55
Basis for Treppe Effect
Ca accumulation, pH changes, increased temperature
56
Complete fusion of individual muscle contraction when ca is all used up
Tetany
57
Which of the following tetanizes at lower stimulus frequency?
Slow twitch fiber
58
Which of the following has larger maximal force during tetany?
Fast twitch fiber
59
Tension developed when muscle is stretch: increases
Passive tension
60
Tension developed when muscle is contracted: decreases
Active Tension
61
Force contraction:
Increases
62
Active tension
of cross-bridges that cycle
63
Velocity of contraction
Speed of cross-bridge cycling
64
What happens to velocity of contraction if after load is increased?
Decreases
65
Length is held constant
Isometric Contraction
66
No muscle shortening/lengthening
Isometric Contraction
67
Example of Isometric Contraction
Pushing against the sall
68
Load is held constant
Isotonic Contraction
69
With muscle shortening: concentric contraction
Isotonic Contraction
70
Example of concentric contraction
Pulling a weight up
71
With muscle lengthening: eccentric contraction
Isotonic Contraction
72
Example of eccentric contraction
Lowering a weight down
73
Protective mechanism to prevent muscle cell injury or death (Berne and Levy)
Muscle fatigue
74
Directly proportional to rate of depletion of muscle glycogen and creatinine phosphate store and the accumulation of lactic acid
Muscle fatigue
75
Due to Na influx (cardiac muscle contraction)
Phase 0
76
Brief period of Repolarization (cardiac muscle contraction)
| Due to K Efflux and decreases in Na influx
Phase 1
77
Plateau of AP (cardiac muscle contraction)
| Due to Ca influx
Phase 2
78
Repolarization (cardiac muscle contraction)
| Decreases Ca influx and increased K efflux
Phase 3
79
Resting membrane potential (cardiac muscle contraction)
phase 4
80
Predominant; voltage fated
L-type or Slow Calcium Channel / Dihydropyridine Receptors or DHPR
81
Decreases intracellular calcium
3Na - 1Ca Countertransport
82
Decreases intracellular calcium
Ca-ATPase Pump
83
Des isomers, gap junctions, fascia adherents (desmosomes)
Intercalated disk
84
Exhibits syncitium
Cardiac muscles
85
Dihydropyridine Receptor and Ryanodine receptors are seen
cardiac muscles
86
More developed transverse tubule
Cardiac muslcle
87
Less developed transverse tubule
Skeletal muscles
88
Less developed Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cardiac muscle
89
More developed Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Skeletal muscles
90
Ca induced
| Ca Release
Cardiac Muscles
91
DHPR and RYR interaction
Skeletal Msucles
92
In the z lines of transverse tubules
Cardiac muscles
93
At ends of I bands of transverse tubules
Skeletal Muscles
94
Syncitium present
Cardiac Muscles
95
Absent Syncitium
Skeletal Muscle
96
Present tetany
Skeletal muscle
97
Why is there no tetany in cardiac muscles?
Due to the long refractory period before phase 2
98
Less ATP use
Smooth Muscles
99
More ATP use
Skeletal Muscles
100
Slower onset of contraction
Smooth Muscle
101
faster onset of contraction
Skeletal Muscles
102
Longer duration of contraction
Smooth Muscle
103
shorter duration of contraction
Skeletal Muscles
104
Stronger (4-6 kg/cm2) force of contraction
Smooth Muscles
105
Weaker (3-4 kg/cm2) force of. Contraction
Skeletal Muscles
106
For extrafusal fiber
Alpha Motor neuron of Anterior Motor neurons
107
For intrafusal fibers
Gamma Motor neuron of anterior motor neurons
108
Similar to z disc of skeletal muscles
Dense bodies
109
Rudimentary compared to skeletal muscles
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
110
Desmin & Vimentin
| Connect dense bodies with cytoskeletal network
Intermediate filaments
111
Rudimentary t-tubules
Caveoli
112
Synapse with a pool of motor neurons by which they are stimulates
Predominantly inhibitory
Facilitate lateral inhibition
Renshaw Cell
113
Position of the body in space
Proprioception
114
Arrange in a parallel manner to extrafusal muscle fibers
Muscle spindles
115
Detects changes in muscle length & rate of change of muscle length
Muscle spindles
116
Arranged in a series manner to extrafusal muscle fiber
Golgi tendon
117
Detects changes in muscle tension
Golgi tendon
118
The silent area of the brain
Cerebelllum
119
Functions of Cerebellum
Sequences motor activity
Monitors and adjusts motor activities as they are performed
helps in planning sequential movement
