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mic cabatu Physiology > Motor Physiology > Flashcards

Motor Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Red/ slow twitch

A

Type 1

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2
Q

Endurance

A

Type 1

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3
Q

White/ fast twitch

A

Type 2

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4
Q

Powerful muscle contraction

A

Type 2

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5
Q

Are united/contract together as one
Contain gap junctions
Course muscle control rough

A

Unitary smooth muscle

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6
Q

Example of Unitary smooth muscle

A

Uterus

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7
Q

No GAP junction
Fine motor control
Act on their own

A

Multi-unit Smooth muscle

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8
Q

Example of Multi-unit Smooth muscle

A

Ciliary, pupil

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9
Q

Intrafusal

A

Muscle spindle

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10
Q

For muscle contraction

A

Extrafusal

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11
Q

Rhythmic, intermittent

A

Physic Smooth Muscles

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12
Q

Continuously active

A

Tonic Smooth muscle

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13
Q

This is characteristic of type II muscle fiber?

A

Larger in size

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14
Q

Functional unit of muscle

A

Sarcomere

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15
Q

Surrounds muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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16
Q

Surrounds muscle fascicle

A

Perimysium

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17
Q

Surrounds skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium

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18
Q

Border

A

Z line

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19
Q

Thick filament

A

A

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20
Q

Only actin

No myosin

A

I band

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21
Q

Middle

A

M line

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22
Q

Plasma membrane surround muscle fiber

A

Sarcolemma

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23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum surrounding nyo fibril

Contains calcium

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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24
Q

Invagination a of the Sarcoplasmic in close proximity to the terminal cistern are of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Transverse tubules

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25
Q

Tethers Mysosin to Z lines (scaffolding); binds z lines to M line

A

Titin

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26
Q

Largest protein in the body

A

Titin

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27
Q

Stabilizes sarcoma a & prevents contraction-induced rupture

A

Dystrophin

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28
Q

Binds Actin to Z lines

A

Actin in, Capz protein

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29
Q

Binds Z lines to sarcolemma

A

Desmin

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30
Q

Acts as a molecular ruler that sets the length of actin during assembly

A

Nebulin

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31
Q

Area between two Z lines
Exhibited by skeletal and cardiac muscles
Has thick and thin filaments

A

Sarcomere

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32
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filaments

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33
Q

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

A

Thin filament

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34
Q

Attaches troponin complex to tropomyosin

A

Troponin T

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35
Q

Inhibits actin-myosin binding

A

Troponin I

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36
Q

Calcium binding protein

A

Troponin C

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37
Q

Involves motor neurons and extramural fibers

A

Skeletal Muscle contraction

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38
Q

Sliding filament model

A

Skeletal Muscle contraction

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39
Q

What is the distance achieved in each cross-bridge cycle?

A

10 nanomeres

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40
Q

Blocks release of Ach from pre-synaptic terminals

A

Botulinus toxin

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41
Q

Competes with Ach for receptors on Motor End Plate

A

Curare

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42
Q

Inhibits Acetlycholinesterase

A

Neostigmine

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43
Q

Blocks reputable of Choline into pre synaptic terminal

A

Hemicholinium

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44
Q

Which of the following temporal sequences is correct for excitation contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?

A

Action potential in the muscle membrane, depolarization of T tubules, release of Ca from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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45
Q

In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling?

A

Depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane

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46
Q

Purely intracellular Ca/SR

A

Skeletal

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47
Q

Both intracellular & extracellular Ca

A

Cardiac

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48
Q

Purely extracellular Ca

Rudimentary SR/ ill develop

A

Smooth Muscle

49
Q

All muscle fibers innervated by a single motor nerve fiber

A

Motor unit

50
Q

Also called FINAL COMMON PAthway, Lower motor Neuron

A

Alpha Motor Neurons

51
Q

Small motor units are recruited first before Big Motor Units

A

Size Principle

52
Q

Multiple Fiber Summation

A

Spatial Summation

53
Q

Frequency Summation

A

Temporal Summation

54
Q

Each contraction occurs after complete relaxation producing stronger contraction each time

A

Staircase (Treppe) Effect

55
Q

Basis for Treppe Effect

A

Ca accumulation, pH changes, increased temperature

56
Q

Complete fusion of individual muscle contraction when ca is all used up

A

Tetany

57
Q

Which of the following tetanizes at lower stimulus frequency?

A

Slow twitch fiber

58
Q

Which of the following has larger maximal force during tetany?

A

Fast twitch fiber

59
Q

Tension developed when muscle is stretch: increases

A

Passive tension

60
Q

Tension developed when muscle is contracted: decreases

A

Active Tension

61
Q

Force contraction:

A

Increases

62
Q

Active tension

A

of cross-bridges that cycle

63
Q

Velocity of contraction

A

Speed of cross-bridge cycling

64
Q

What happens to velocity of contraction if after load is increased?

A

Decreases

65
Q

Length is held constant

A

Isometric Contraction

66
Q

No muscle shortening/lengthening

A

Isometric Contraction

67
Q

Example of Isometric Contraction

A

Pushing against the sall

68
Q

Load is held constant

A

Isotonic Contraction

69
Q

With muscle shortening: concentric contraction

A

Isotonic Contraction

70
Q

Example of concentric contraction

A

Pulling a weight up

71
Q

With muscle lengthening: eccentric contraction

A

Isotonic Contraction

72
Q

Example of eccentric contraction

A

Lowering a weight down

73
Q

Protective mechanism to prevent muscle cell injury or death (Berne and Levy)

A

Muscle fatigue

74
Q

Directly proportional to rate of depletion of muscle glycogen and creatinine phosphate store and the accumulation of lactic acid

A

Muscle fatigue

75
Q

Due to Na influx (cardiac muscle contraction)

A

Phase 0

76
Q

Brief period of Repolarization (cardiac muscle contraction)

Due to K Efflux and decreases in Na influx

A

Phase 1

77
Q

Plateau of AP (cardiac muscle contraction)

Due to Ca influx

A

Phase 2

78
Q

Repolarization (cardiac muscle contraction)

Decreases Ca influx and increased K efflux

A

Phase 3

79
Q

Resting membrane potential (cardiac muscle contraction)

A

phase 4

80
Q

Predominant; voltage fated

A

L-type or Slow Calcium Channel / Dihydropyridine Receptors or DHPR

81
Q

Decreases intracellular calcium

A

3Na - 1Ca Countertransport

82
Q

Decreases intracellular calcium

A

Ca-ATPase Pump

83
Q

Des isomers, gap junctions, fascia adherents (desmosomes)

A

Intercalated disk

84
Q

Exhibits syncitium

A

Cardiac muscles

85
Q

Dihydropyridine Receptor and Ryanodine receptors are seen

A

cardiac muscles

86
Q

More developed transverse tubule

A

Cardiac muslcle

87
Q

Less developed transverse tubule

A

Skeletal muscles

88
Q

Less developed Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Cardiac muscle

89
Q

More developed Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Skeletal muscles

90
Q

Ca induced

Ca Release

A

Cardiac Muscles

91
Q

DHPR and RYR interaction

A

Skeletal Msucles

92
Q

In the z lines of transverse tubules

A

Cardiac muscles

93
Q

At ends of I bands of transverse tubules

A

Skeletal Muscles

94
Q

Syncitium present

A

Cardiac Muscles

95
Q

Absent Syncitium

A

Skeletal Muscle

96
Q

Present tetany

A

Skeletal muscle

97
Q

Why is there no tetany in cardiac muscles?

A

Due to the long refractory period before phase 2

98
Q

Less ATP use

A

Smooth Muscles

99
Q

More ATP use

A

Skeletal Muscles

100
Q

Slower onset of contraction

A

Smooth Muscle

101
Q

faster onset of contraction

A

Skeletal Muscles

102
Q

Longer duration of contraction

A

Smooth Muscle

103
Q

shorter duration of contraction

A

Skeletal Muscles

104
Q

Stronger (4-6 kg/cm2) force of contraction

A

Smooth Muscles

105
Q

Weaker (3-4 kg/cm2) force of. Contraction

A

Skeletal Muscles

106
Q

For extrafusal fiber

A

Alpha Motor neuron of Anterior Motor neurons

107
Q

For intrafusal fibers

A

Gamma Motor neuron of anterior motor neurons

108
Q

Similar to z disc of skeletal muscles

A

Dense bodies

109
Q

Rudimentary compared to skeletal muscles

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

110
Q

Desmin & Vimentin

Connect dense bodies with cytoskeletal network

A

Intermediate filaments

111
Q

Rudimentary t-tubules

A

Caveoli

112
Q

Synapse with a pool of motor neurons by which they are stimulates
Predominantly inhibitory
Facilitate lateral inhibition

A

Renshaw Cell

113
Q

Position of the body in space

A

Proprioception

114
Q

Arrange in a parallel manner to extrafusal muscle fibers

A

Muscle spindles

115
Q

Detects changes in muscle length & rate of change of muscle length

A

Muscle spindles

116
Q

Arranged in a series manner to extrafusal muscle fiber

A

Golgi tendon

117
Q

Detects changes in muscle tension

A

Golgi tendon

118
Q

The silent area of the brain

A

Cerebelllum

119
Q

Functions of Cerebellum

A

Sequences motor activity
Monitors and adjusts motor activities as they are performed
helps in planning sequential movement

mic cabatu Physiology (12 decks)

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