Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
Secreted at cardiac ventricles
Increased BNP - Dix: Left sided heart failure
BNP
Indomethacin
Gout
PDA
Arteries
Deoxygenated
Veins
Oxygenated
Semilunar Valve
Aortic
Pulmonic
AV Valve
Tricuspid
Mitral
Systemic Arterioles
Vasodila te
Pulmonary Arterioles
Only Arterioles that vasoconstric in response to hypoxia
Thick-walled, under high pressure (stressed volume)
Arteries
Control conduits for blood flow
Arterioles
Vasoconstriction
Alpha 1
Vasodilation
Beta 2
Blood flow velocity in the aorta: fastest
Arterioles
Blood flow velocity in the capillaries slowest
Arterioles
Site of exchange of nutrients, gases, waste products
Capillaries
Thin-walled, under low pressure (unstressed volume)
With one way valves
Veins
Largest percentage of blood in the circulatory system
Veins
The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the Arterioles because
They gave the greatest cross-sectional area
Systemic Arterioles vasoconstrict
TPR/SVR: increases
Blood flow: decreases
Systemic Arterioles vasodilate
TPR/SVR: decrease
Blood flow: increase
Blood pressure when TPR increases
Blood pressure: increase
Veins vasoconstrict
Venous return: increase
Which of the following parameters is decreased during moderate exercise?
Total peripheral resistance
MAP formula
2/3 (D) + 1/3 (S)
The smaller the radius, the greater the resistance
The greater the radius, the lesser the resistance
Poiseulle’s Law
Inversely proportional to ELASTANCE
Compliance.Capacitance
Streamlined(straight line) flow
Velocity: highest at the center, lowest at the walls
Laminar Flow
Disorderly flow
Assoc with High Reynold’s number
Turbulent Flow
Reynold’s number for laminar flow
<2000
Reynold’s number for turbulent flow
> 2000
A strain in the structure of a substance produced by pressure, when it’s layers are laterally shifted in relation to each other
Shear
Shear: Highest in
Walls of the blood vessel
Shear: lowest
Center of the blood vessel
Shear: consequence
Decreased blood viscosity
Compliance of Veins (vs Arteries)
24x higher compliance
Compliance: effects of aging
24x lower compliance
End diastolic volume, immediate before it contracts
Preload
Aortic pressure that pump against
After load
Highest arterial blood pressure
Systolic pressure
Lowest arterial blood pressure
Diastolic pressure
= systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
Pulse Pressure
= stroke volume / arterial compliance
Pulse Pressure
Most important determinant of Pulse Pressure
Stroke volume
= 2/3 (Diastole) + 1/3 (systole)
Mean Arterial Pressure
Synonym: Right Arterial Pressure
central venous pressure
Estimates left atrial pressure
Pulmonary Capillary wedge pressure
Pulse Pressure
Determined by stroke volume
Considered the most important determinant of pulse pressure
Stroke volume
Pulse pressure is increased during aging because of which of the following pwede infant physiologic changes?
Decreased capacitance of the arteries
Which of the following factors forms the predominant component of diastolic blood pressure?
TPR
What is the predominant contributor of TPR?
Arterioles
All of the following will lead to an increase in cardiac output except? A. Increased after load B. Increased contractility C.Increased stroke volume d. Increased heart rate
A. Increased after load ( decrease)
All of the following will lead to an increase in mean arterial pressure except?
A. Increase in systemic vascular resistance
B. Increase in cardiac output
C. Increase in heart rate
D. Nota
D. Nota
Master pacemaker
SA node
Latent pacemaker/inactive
AV
Bundle of his
Purine fiber
Atrial depolarization
P wave
Corresponds to AV Node Conduction
PR Segment
Correlates with conduction time/Velocity through the AV Node
PR Segment
Correlates with conduction time/velocity through the AV Node
PR Interval
Ventricular depolarization
QRS interval
Ventricular Repolarization
T wave
Period of depolarization + Repolarization of ventricles
QT Interval
Correlated with plateau of ventricular action potential
ST segment
What happens when Sympathetic NS stimulates the AV node?
Conduction velocity: increases
PR Interval: decreases
What happens when Parasympathetic NS stimulates the AV Node?
Conduction Velocity: decreases
PR Interval: increases
Shorter QT interval
Increase Calcium
Prolonged QT Interval
Decrease Calcium
High plasma K
Increase T waves
Hypokalemia
Flat/ inverted T waves with U waves
Hyperkalemia
Low P waves, tall T waves
Hypocalcemia
Prolonged QT interval
Hypercalcemia
Shortened QT interval
STEMI / Q wave MI
ST segment elevation
NSTEMI
ST segment depression
Full thickness infarct
Transmutation
STEMI
Partial thickness
Sub endocardium
NSTEMI
Na influx
Depolarization / Phase 0
K Efflux
Partial Repolarization/ Phase 1
Ca Influx
Plateau / Phase 2