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mic cabatu Physiology > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid medium of the blood/non cellular part of the blood

A

Plasma

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2
Q

Plasma minus clotting proteins

A

Serum

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3
Q

Essential component of clotting system

A

Blood coagulation proteins

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4
Q

Major contributors to osmotic pressure of plasma

A

Albumin

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5
Q

Pro teases, antiproteases, transport proteins

A

Alpha Globulins

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6
Q

Transferrin & other transport proteins

A

Beta Globulins

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7
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Gamma Globulins

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8
Q

Process of forming blood cells in the bone marrow

A

Haemopoeisis

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9
Q

Site of blood cell formation beginning from 3rd week AOG

A

Yolk Sac/ Aortic Gonad Mesonephros Region

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10
Q

Site of blood cell formation from 3rd month AOG to birth

A

Liver

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11
Q

Only source of blood cells postnatal you; begins at 4th month AOG

A

Bone Marrow

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12
Q

All Bone Marrow are active

A

Birth to puberty

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13
Q

Only bone marrow of vertebra, ribs, sternum, skull, pelvis, proximal epiphyte all region of humerus active

A

Age 20 (remaining bone marrow:fatty, yellow, inactive)

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14
Q

post-embryonic extramedullary hematopoiesis in full term infant

A

Always abnormal

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15
Q

Most abundant of blood cells

A

RBC

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16
Q

Normal resting shape of RBC

A

Biconcave disc due to spectrum with bag pliability

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17
Q

Blood is 3x thicker than water due to

A

Hematocrit

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18
Q

____ is the protein inside the RBC that binds with oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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19
Q

___ is the % of cells in whole blood normal

A

Hematocrit

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20
Q

Most common form of hemoglobin in adult human being

A

HbA

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21
Q

Has higher affinity for oxygen compared to HbA

A

HbF

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22
Q

Total iron in the body

A

4 - 5grams

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23
Q

Storage form of iron in liver

A

Ferritin

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24
Q

Hormones stimulating RBC production

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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25
Q

Main stimulus for EPO production

A

Hypoxia

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26
Q

Effect of EPO will manifest after this many days

A

5 days

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27
Q

Last RBC stage with a nucleus

A

Orthochromatic Erythroblast

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28
Q

RBC stage released to the blood

A

Reticulocytes

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29
Q

Time to convert reticule yes to mature RBC’s

A

1-2 days

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30
Q

Characteristics of mature RBC’s

A

No nucleus, no mitochondria, no ER

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31
Q

Lifespan of adult RBC

A

120 days

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32
Q

Lifespan of fetal RBC

A

90 days

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33
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Megaloblastic anemia

A

D. Latum

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34
Q

Exact location of parietal cells

A

Funds

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35
Q

G cells

A

Antrum

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36
Q

Intraday ulan destruction of old or damaged RBCs occurs here

A

Spleen

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37
Q

Extravascular destruction of RBCs is due to

A

Macrophages

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38
Q

Fate of heme in destroyed RBC

A

Bilirubin

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39
Q

Nutrient essential for DNA synthesis

A

Vitamin B12

Folic Acid

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40
Q

Megaloblastic anemia + Neural Deficits

A

Vitamin B12

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41
Q

Megaloblastic anemia + Neural tube defects

A

Folic acid

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42
Q

Needed to absorb Vitamin B12

A

Intrinsic factor

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43
Q

Sources of vitamin B12

A

Meats

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44
Q

Sources of folic acid

A

Leafy vegetables cauliflower, brocolli

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45
Q

Terminology used to describe anemia secondary specifically to vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Pernicious anemia

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46
Q

What would be the probable site of defect if there is anemia secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Stomach

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47
Q

Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

A

Granulocyts/PML/Myeloid cells

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48
Q

Monocytes, lymphocytes

A

Agranulocytosis

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49
Q

Basophils

A

Histamine

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50
Q

Eosinophils

A

Free radicals

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51
Q

Site of production of granule yes, monocytes

A

Bone marrow

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52
Q

Site of production of lymphocytes, plasma cells

A

LN, spleen, thymus, tonsils, peyer’s patches

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53
Q

Lifespan of granule yes

A

4-8 hours in the blood, 4-5 days in tissues (shortened during infection)

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54
Q

Lifespan on Monocytes

A

10-20 hours in the blood, for several months in the tissues

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55
Q

Lifespan of lymphocytes

A

Weeks to months

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56
Q

62%

A

Neutrophils

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57
Q

0.4%

A

Basophils

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58
Q

Eosinophils

A

2.3%

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59
Q

Monocytes

A

5.3%

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60
Q

Lymphocytes

A

30%

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61
Q

Bilobulated

A

Basophils

Eosinophils

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62
Q

Produce from bone marrow

A

T, B cells

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63
Q

Most common type of WBC

A

Neutrophil

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64
Q

Highly lobulated nucleus

Acute inflammation response

A

Neutrophil

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65
Q

Wea phagocytes
Parasitic
Allergic

A

Eosinophils

66
Q

Bilobed nucleus, stain bright red with eosin dye

A

Eosinophils

67
Q

Least common type of WBC

A

Basophils

68
Q

Beloved/trilobites nucleus, largely densely basophils can (blue) granules

A

Basophils

69
Q

Largest of WBC

A

Monocytes

70
Q

Eccentrically placed nucleus

A

Monocytes

71
Q

Small, non-uncleared cells from megakaryocytes

A

Platelet

72
Q

Lifespan of platelet

A

7-10 days

73
Q

2nd most common type

A

Lymphocytes

74
Q

Round, densely stained nucleus with a pale basophils can, non-granular cytoplasm

A

Lymphocytes

75
Q

Multinucleated WBC

A

Neutrophil

76
Q

What is the most numerous WBC

A

Neutrophils

77
Q

Least numerous WBC

A

Basophils

78
Q

Cells involved in adaptive immunity

A

Lymphocytes

79
Q

Cells involve in parasitic infection

A

Eosinophils

80
Q

Released as mature cells

A

Neutrophils

81
Q

Releases as immature cells

A

Macrophage

82
Q

Lysosomes

A

Proteases, hypochlorite, lipases

83
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Free radicals like superoxide (O2), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Hydroxyl ions (OH)

84
Q

Movement of neutrophils and macrophages towards a chemical signal (bacterial toxins, products of inflammation, complement cascade, products from clotting?

A

Chemotaxis

85
Q

Movement out of the circulatory system and into the site of injury?

A

Diapers is

86
Q

Will release histamine causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

A

Mast cells

87
Q

1st line of defense

A

Tissue macrophages

88
Q

2nd line

A

Neutrophils

89
Q

3rd line

A

Monocytes

90
Q

4th line

A

Inc. monocytes & granule yet production by BM

91
Q

Battlefield of dead cells and pathogens

A

Pus

92
Q

Produce antibodies

A

Plasma cells

93
Q

Antibody generating

Mirror image

A

Antigen

94
Q

Most abundant Ig

A

IgG

95
Q

Smallest & only one able to cross the placenta

Predominant antibody secondary response

A

IgG

96
Q

Main Ig concerned with primary Immune response

Present on all uncommitted B cells

A

IgM

97
Q

Largest Ig

A

IgM

98
Q

Secretions

A

IgA

99
Q

Allergies

A

IgE

100
Q

Acts as an antigen receptor when present on the surface of certain B lymphocytes

A

IgD

101
Q

Which of the following is the principal Ig in exocrine secretions

A

IgA

102
Q

Serve as marker that makes it easier to phagocytize foreign bodies

A

Opsonization

103
Q

Perforate foreign organism

A

Membrane attack complex

104
Q

Which complement is responsible for opsonization?

A

C3b

105
Q

Anaphylotoxin (induces inflammation)

A

c3a, C4a, C5a

106
Q

Part of membrane attack complex

A

C5b-C9

107
Q

B cells

Antibody related

A

Humoral

108
Q

T helper

Cytotoxic

A

T cell

109
Q

Regulatory function of lymphokines

A

IL2, IL3, IL4, IL5, IL6, G-CSF, Interferon gamma

110
Q

Stimulation of growth & proliferation of cytotoxic T cells & suppressor T cells

A

Helper T cells

111
Q

Stimulation of growth and differentiation of B cells & antibody formation

A

IL 4, IL 5, IL 6

112
Q

Create holes or perforins

A

Cytotoxic T Cells

113
Q

Long term protection

Slow onset of action

A

Active immunity

114
Q

Prompt availability of large amount of antibodies

Short lifespan of antibodies, hypersensitivity reaction

A

Passive Immunity

115
Q

Major inducer of Acute Phase Reactant

A

IL6

116
Q

Most important prototypical acute phase reactant

A

CRP

117
Q

Type A

A

N-Acetyl galactosamine

118
Q

Type B

A

Galactose

119
Q

Type AB

A

Both

120
Q

Type O

A

None

121
Q

RH (+)

A

Has D antigen

122
Q

Rh (-)

A

No D antigen

123
Q

Determined by genotype from mom and dad

A

Agglutinate a

124
Q

Spontaneously acquired from food, bacteria,

A

Agglutinins

125
Q

Indirect measure of APR

A

ESR

126
Q

Spontaneous agglutinins for Rh antigen almost never occur

A

Rh Blood types

127
Q

Autograft

A

Self

128
Q

Isograft/Syngeic Graft

A

Twin

129
Q

Allograft

A

Same species

130
Q

Xenografts

A

Other species

131
Q

Mc transplantation

A

Allograft

132
Q

Cause vascular constriction

A

Endothelium 1

133
Q

Mechanism to prevent blood loss whenever a vessel is severed or ruptured

A

Hemostasis

134
Q

Events in hemostasis

A
  1. Vascular constriction
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation
  4. Resolution: formation of fibrous tissue or dissolution of clot
135
Q

Platelet adhesion

A

VWF

Glycoproteins 1B

136
Q

Platelet aggregation

A

Fibrinogen

GP IIb - IIIa

137
Q

Converts prothrombin to thrombin

A

Prothrombin activator

138
Q

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

A

Thrombin

139
Q

Initiated by tissue factor

A

Extrinsic pathway

140
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Factor VII, X, V

141
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

Factor XII, XII, IX, VIII

142
Q

Initiated by factor XII and platelets

A

Intrinsic pathway

143
Q

Which clotting factors are common to both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways?

A

Factor V & X

144
Q

Factor I

A

Fibrinogen

145
Q

Factor II

A

Prothrombin

146
Q

Factor III

A

Tissue factor

Tissue thromboplastin

147
Q

Factor IV

A

Calcium

148
Q

Factor V

A

Proaccelerin
Labile factor
Ac-globulin

149
Q

Factor VII

A

Serum prothrombin conversion accelerator
Proconvertin
Stable factor

150
Q

Factor VIII

A

Antihemophilic factor
Anti hemophiliac globulin
Anti hemophiliac factor 8

151
Q

Factor IX

A

Plasma thromboplastin component
Christmas factor
Antihemophilic factor B

152
Q

Factor X

A

Stuart factor

Stuart power factor

153
Q

Factor XI

A

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

Anti hemophiliac factor C

154
Q

Factor XII

A

Hageman factor

155
Q

Factor XIII

A

Fibrin-stabilizing factor

156
Q

Prekallikrein

A

Fletcher factor

157
Q

HMW Kininogen

A

Fitzgerald factor

HMWK

158
Q

Converts plasminogen/profibrinolysin to plasmin/fibrinolysin

A

Tissue plasminogen / t-PA

159
Q

Most important coagulation factor

A

Factor 2

160
Q

The extrinsic pathway overlaps with the intrinsic pathway by stimulating the?

A

IX

mic cabatu Physiology (12 decks)

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