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mic cabatu Physiology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Contains DNA, Histones & Chromosomes

Has nucleolus

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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3
Q

Involve in detoxification
lipid synthesis
Lipid-soluble substances -> water soluble substances

A

Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

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4
Q

SER

A

Lipid synthesis

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5
Q

RER

A

Protein synthesis

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6
Q

For synthesis of proteins bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, outside of the cell

A

RER ribosomes

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7
Q

For synthesis of proteins bound for the cytoplasm & mitochondria

A

Free - Floating Ribosomes

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8
Q

For packaging, molecular tagging, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid & chondrites sulfate

A

Golgi Apparatus

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9
Q

Contains pro enzymes, neurotransmitters and replenishes cell membrane components

A

Secretory Vesicles

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10
Q

For regression of tissues and Autolysis
Suicide bags of the cells
Destroys FBs

A

Lysosomes

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11
Q

Degrades membrane-associated proteins

Not membrane bound

A

Proteosomes

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12
Q

Contains oxidase so, catalases

For detoxification

A

Peroxisomes

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13
Q

Function of the nucleolus

A

Site of transcription & processing of rRNA

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14
Q

What is unique about the mitochondria

A

Contains mitochondrial DNA that is maternally-derived & does not follow the genetic code

Exclusive Biochemical Pathways: Beta-oxidation, Krebs cycle

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15
Q

RER & SER are abundant in which organ?

A

Liver

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16
Q

Prokaryotes

A

30s, 50s

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17
Q

Eukaryotes

A

40s, 60s

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18
Q

What do you call the specialized SER in the Skeletal muscle & specialized RER in the neuron?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum & Nissl Substance respectively

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19
Q

The only substance modified in the RER & not the Golgi apparatus?

A

Collagen

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20
Q

What is added to lysosomes-bound proteins by Golgi Apparatus?

A

Mannose 6 phosphate

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21
Q

Wear-and-tear pigment that accumulates in lysosomes

A

Lipofuscin

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22
Q

Lysosomes come from which organelle?

A

Golgi apparatus

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23
Q

Peroxisome come from which organelle?

A

SER

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24
Q

Transport from center to periphery of the cell

A

Kinesin (Anterograde transport)

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25
Q

Transport from periphery to center Of the cell

A

Dynein (Retrograde Transport)

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26
Q

What is the functional unit of the gap junction?

A

Cone on

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27
Q

What do you call the movement of substances through the apical and basolateral sides?

A

Transcellular transport

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28
Q

What do you call the movement of substances between the cells through tight junctions?

A

Paracellular transport

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29
Q

Largest organ in the body

A

Liver

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30
Q

Most water absorbed

Main site

31
Q

Acts as guardian of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

32
Q

ECF cation

33
Q

ECF anion

34
Q

ICF cation

35
Q

ICF anion

36
Q

What is the principle of macroscopic electroneutrality?

A

In each compartment, total number of cations should equal total number of anions

37
Q

What is the basis for the saying

Where sodium goes, water follows?

A

90% of the salutes in the ECF is Na making it a reasonable indicator of osmolarity

38
Q

Indicator of molecules in TBW

A

Deuterium oxide, antipyrine

39
Q

Indicator of molecules in ECF

A

Insulin, Mannitol

40
Q

Indicator of molecules in Plasma

A

124I-labeled albumin

41
Q

Osmoles per kilogram of water

Independent of temperature

A

Osmolality

42
Q

Osmolarity per liter of water
Varies with temperature

**weight doesn’t change; easier to measure

A

Osmolarity

43
Q

Movement of water from area of low concentration to high concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

44
Q

Example of Impermeant solute

A

Glucose (Effective Osmole)

45
Q

Example of Permeant Solute

A

Urea (Ineffective Osmole) **penetrate cell membrane directly

46
Q

Effective Osmole used in the treatment of brain edema

47
Q

Osmotic pressure from large molecules (proteins)

A

Oncotic pressure

48
Q

Weight of the volume of a solution divided by weight of equal volume of distilled (pure) water

A

Specific gravity

49
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

No carrier - mediated
Passive (downhill)

    • high to low conc.
    • non ATP requiring
50
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Yes (carrier-mediated)

Passive (downhill)

51
Q

Primary Active Transport

A

Yes (carrier-mediated)
Active (uphill)

** low to high conc
Against conc gradient

52
Q

Secondary Active Transport

  1. Cotransport
  2. Counter transport
A

Yes (carrier-mediated)

Active (uphill; uses Na Gradient)

53
Q

What are the factors that increase Permeability?

A

Increased oil/water partition coefficient of solute

Decreased Radius of Solute

Decreased Membrane thickness

54
Q

Why is Secondary active transport called as such?

A

It indirectly relies on the Na-K-ATPase pump

55
Q

Tm occurs once all transporters are used

A

Saturation

56
Q

Recognizes “D” or “L” forms

A

Stereo specificity

57
Q

Chemically-related salutes may compete

A

Competition

58
Q

Facilitated > Simple

A

At low Solute Concentration

59
Q

Simple > Facilitated

A

At High Concentration

60
Q

Oxygen, Nitrogern, CO2, alcohol, lipid hormones, anesthetic drugs

A

Example of Simple Diffusion

61
Q

Glucose transport via GLUTs; amino acid transport

A

Example of Facilitated Diffusion

62
Q

Na-K-TPase pump, H-K ATPase pump of the parietal cells (stomach), H-ATPase pump in intercalated cells (kidneys), Ca-ATPase pump in the cell membrane & SR, multi-drug resistance transport

A

Example of Primary Active Transport

63
Q 
SGLT-1 in the SI
SGLT 2 in the PCT
Na-K-2CL in TAL of LH
Na-Ca exchange in almost all cells
Na-H exchange in the PCT (kidneys)
A

Example of Secondary active transport

64
Q

Seen in the lumen

Fructose

65
Q

Seen in basement membrane

66
Q

Glucose

Galactose

67
Q

Which of the following transport process is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na gradient across the cell membrane?

A

Cotransport

**SGLT 1 - secondary active transport

68
Q

A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?

A

Primary Active Transport

** proton pump, uses ATP

69
Q

These are characteristic of facilitated transporters EXCEPT?

** c. It is an active transport

A

It is stereo specific for either the L or D isomer
It is saturable
Monosaccharide transport inside a cell is an example
Competitive inhibition may occur

70
Q

Ca-ATPase pump in the cell membrane

71
Q

Ca-ATPase pump in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum & Endoplasmic Reticulum

72
Q

Functions of the Na-K- ATPase pump

A

Prevents cellular Swelling

Contributes to resting membrane potential (RMP)

73
Q

In all epithelial cells, Na-K-ATPase pump is found in the basolateral side EXCEPT

A

Choroid plexus

74
Q

Why do RBCs swell when chilled?

A

Dec ATP synthesis -> dec activity of Na-K-ATPase pump

mic cabatu Physiology (12 decks)

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