reproductive physiology

Question 1

what is the location of implantation

Answer 1

uterus

Question 2

What are the two parts of the uterus

Answer 2

uterine body and cervix

Question 3

Describe the structure of an ovary

Answer 3

Surface - connective tissue capsule covered with a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium
Cortex - the peripheral part, connective tissue containing ovarian follicles
Medulla - central part - connective tissue with blood vessels

Question 4

what is the function of the ovaries

Answer 4

Production of Oocytes (1 mature egg per menstrual cycle)

Steroid hormone production - Estrogen and progesterone

Question 5

what is amenorrhoea

Answer 5

No periods

Question 6

What could cause amenorrhoea

Answer 6

Problem with regulating hormones

Problem with ovary

Problem with uterus or outflow tract

Question 7

What is the function of estrogen

Answer 7

Causes secondary sexual characteristics to develop

Question 8

What is the function of progesterone

Answer 8

Prepares the endometrium for implantation

Question 9

Describe the endocrine control of femal reproductive axis

Answer 9

The hypothalamus releases GnRH which travels to the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of FSH and LH which travel to the ovary and stimulate the secretion of estrogen and progesterone

Question 10

What rise in hormone causes ovulation and what causes the surge

Answer 10

The surge in LH causes ovulation - when estrogen reaches its peak, it causes the surge in LH

Question 11

What does the corpus luteum release to prepare the endometrial lining for pregnancy

Answer 11

Progesterone

Question 12

What happens if a pregnancy does not occur

Answer 12

The corpus luteum dies and the estrogen and progesterone levels drop which signals the start of a new cycle

Question 13

What is the function of the epididymis

Answer 13

Stores and matures sperm

Question 14

Describe the follicular phase of ovarian cycle

Answer 14

FSH causes follicle to mature and produce estrogen which prevents the development of other follicles

Question 15

Describe the ovulation stage of the ovarian cycle

Answer 15

LH surge causes ovulation - follicle ruptures and secondary oocyte is released

Question 16

Describe the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Answer 16

Ruptured follicle forms a corpus luteum and secretes progesterone to prepare the endometrium for implantation

Question 17

Describe menstruation phase of the ovarian cycle

Answer 17

Corpus luteum degenerates and a new ovarian cycle begins

Question 18

What day of the ovarian cycle is the endometrium the most thick

Answer 18

Day 28 of the ovarian cycle

Question 19

Describe the pathway of sperm and how it leaves the penis

Answer 19

The sperm leaves the testes into the epididymis where it is stored and matured - it then travels to the vas deferens which curls arounds the bladder - secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicles then all join together to form the ejaculation duct which goes to the penile urethra which then leaves the penis

Question 20

What do germ cells do

Answer 20

Produce sperm

Question 21

What do sertoli cells do

Answer 21

Support germ cells in producing sperm

Question 22

What is the function of leydig cells

Answer 22

Produce testosterone

Question 23

What is the function of inhibin

Answer 23

Negative feedback on the pituitary from sertoli cells