Reproductive Disease in Swine Flashcards
In swine, what happens if you kill the CL?
If you kill the CL at any point, it kills the pregnancy
Why must you wash sows before putting them into clean farrowing barn?
Prevents passage of disease to next group of farrowing
Farrowing facilities are “all__ , all __”
” all in, all out”
What usually causes distocia in swine?
- Exhaustion/ uterine inertia
- Fetal oversize
How should you manage dystocia in swine?
- Clean vulva and perineum
- Copious lubercation and lidocaine mixed in
- Manual exploration
What problems contribute to dystocia?
- Heat stress/ exhaustion
- Hypocalcemia
- Obesity
- Excessive handling (anxiety)
What are some interventions to limit the problems contributing to dystocia?
- Fans, cold fluids (gatorade)
- Calcium salts: IV into ear vein
- Darken room, leave pigs alone
What part of gestation are most embryos lost?
The first half of gestation
How can you detect early embryonic loss?
Irregular returns to estrus
What percentage of fetal deaths are due to infectious causes?
30%
> 70% of losses are due to non-infectious causes
What are some non-infectious causes of fetal death in swine?
- Older/ overweight sows
- Anemia
- Heat stress
- Seasonal infertility
- High carbon monoxide levels
- Nutritional factors: Overfeeding/ underfeeding; mineral/ vitamin deficiencies
- Mycotoxins: fungal txins in grain feeds
What are infectious coauses of reproductive loss in swine?
Anything that causes endogenous prostaglandin production can lead to loss of pregnancy
Inflammation causes prostaglandin production, kills CL
What does SMEDI stand for?
I think this is important to know!
- Still births
- Mummies
- Embryonic Death
- Infertility
What are the signs of porcine parvovirus?
- Reproduction failure alone!
- Abortion is rare
This problem is almost exclusive in guilts
What are the clinical signs of porcine parvovirus?
I think this is important!
- Repro failure in gilts but not sows
- No maternal illness
- Few or no abortions
Is there a treatment for porcine parvovirus?
No
There is a vaccine however
What type of virus is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?
RNA virus
Lots of genetic rearrangement
What is the pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?
- Inhalation, ingestion, bite wounds
- Replication in macrophages
- Virus crosses placenta: may or may not kill fetuses
What are the clinical signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in naive herds?
- Reduced feed intake
- Fever (103-105 degrees)/ depression
- Respiratory signs: coughing, difficulty breathing
- Discoloration of ears
A pile of pigs indicates fever
What are reproductive signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a naive herd?
I think this is important!
- ** Late term abortions **
- Loss of entire litter of fetuses
- Premature farrowing (<114 days)
- Mummies/ stillbirths
Dramatic! You will know
What are clinical signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruse in enzootic herds?
- Adult sows immune, so less repro loss in them
- Abortions, stillbirths, mummies in litters born to gilts
- Nursery-grower piges are unthrifty, respiratory signs, high pre-weaning mortality
What is treatment and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome disease?
- Deliberate exposure of gilts to maintain an immune breeding herd
- Antibiotics in feed or water: to prevent secondary bacterial infections
- Vaccination: Modified-live vaccines
- Depopulation, disinfection, repopulation –> expensive
Lots of strain variation (heterogeneity): limits efficacy of vaccine
Summary of PRRS
Important points about porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus!
I think this helped
- Can cause repro failure at ANY STAGE of gestation
- Once endemic, older sows develop immunity; disease becomes more focued in the yonger animals in the breeding pool (gilts)
- It is different from porcine parvovirus because…
1. Abortions occur with PRRS
2. Respiratory disease problems - In respiratory disease situation, investigate repro performance
What is the swine leptospirosis?
Leptospira interrogans
