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ANEQ 313 > Reproductive Disease in Swine > Flashcards

Reproductive Disease in Swine Flashcards

1
Q

In swine, what happens if you kill the CL?

A

If you kill the CL at any point, it kills the pregnancy

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2
Q

Why must you wash sows before putting them into clean farrowing barn?

A

Prevents passage of disease to next group of farrowing

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3
Q

Farrowing facilities are “all__ , all __”

A

” all in, all out”

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4
Q

What usually causes distocia in swine?

A
  • Exhaustion/ uterine inertia
  • Fetal oversize
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5
Q

How should you manage dystocia in swine?

A
  • Clean vulva and perineum
  • Copious lubercation and lidocaine mixed in
  • Manual exploration
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6
Q

What problems contribute to dystocia?

A
  • Heat stress/ exhaustion
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Obesity
  • Excessive handling (anxiety)
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7
Q

What are some interventions to limit the problems contributing to dystocia?

A
  • Fans, cold fluids (gatorade)
  • Calcium salts: IV into ear vein
  • Darken room, leave pigs alone
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8
Q

What part of gestation are most embryos lost?

A

The first half of gestation

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9
Q

How can you detect early embryonic loss?

A

Irregular returns to estrus

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10
Q

What percentage of fetal deaths are due to infectious causes?

A

30%

> 70% of losses are due to non-infectious causes

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11
Q

What are some non-infectious causes of fetal death in swine?

A
  • Older/ overweight sows
  • Anemia
  • Heat stress
  • Seasonal infertility
  • High carbon monoxide levels
  • Nutritional factors: Overfeeding/ underfeeding; mineral/ vitamin deficiencies
  • Mycotoxins: fungal txins in grain feeds
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12
Q

What are infectious coauses of reproductive loss in swine?

A

Anything that causes endogenous prostaglandin production can lead to loss of pregnancy

Inflammation causes prostaglandin production, kills CL

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13
Q

What does SMEDI stand for?

I think this is important to know!

A
  • Still births
  • Mummies
  • Embryonic Death
  • Infertility
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14
Q

What are the signs of porcine parvovirus?

A
  • Reproduction failure alone!
  • Abortion is rare

This problem is almost exclusive in guilts

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of porcine parvovirus?

I think this is important!

A
  • Repro failure in gilts but not sows
  • No maternal illness
  • Few or no abortions
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16
Q

Is there a treatment for porcine parvovirus?

A

No

There is a vaccine however

17
Q

What type of virus is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?

A

RNA virus

Lots of genetic rearrangement

18
Q

What is the pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?

A
  • Inhalation, ingestion, bite wounds
  • Replication in macrophages
  • Virus crosses placenta: may or may not kill fetuses
19
Q

What are the clinical signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in naive herds?

A
  • Reduced feed intake
  • Fever (103-105 degrees)/ depression
  • Respiratory signs: coughing, difficulty breathing
  • Discoloration of ears

A pile of pigs indicates fever

20
Q

What are reproductive signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a naive herd?

I think this is important!

A
  • ** Late term abortions **
  • Loss of entire litter of fetuses
  • Premature farrowing (<114 days)
  • Mummies/ stillbirths

Dramatic! You will know

21
Q

What are clinical signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruse in enzootic herds?

A
  • Adult sows immune, so less repro loss in them
  • Abortions, stillbirths, mummies in litters born to gilts
  • Nursery-grower piges are unthrifty, respiratory signs, high pre-weaning mortality
22
Q

What is treatment and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome disease?

A
  • Deliberate exposure of gilts to maintain an immune breeding herd
  • Antibiotics in feed or water: to prevent secondary bacterial infections
  • Vaccination: Modified-live vaccines
  • Depopulation, disinfection, repopulation –> expensive

Lots of strain variation (heterogeneity): limits efficacy of vaccine

23
Q

Summary of PRRS

Important points about porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus!

I think this helped

A
  • Can cause repro failure at ANY STAGE of gestation
  • Once endemic, older sows develop immunity; disease becomes more focued in the yonger animals in the breeding pool (gilts)
  • It is different from porcine parvovirus because…
    1. Abortions occur with PRRS
    2. Respiratory disease problems
  • In respiratory disease situation, investigate repro performance
24
Q

What is the swine leptospirosis?

A

Leptospira interrogans

25
Q

What are the most common US serovars in swine?

A
  • Pomona
  • Bratislava
26
Q

T/F: Leptospira interrogans is a zoonotic disease

A

True

27
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Leptosira interrogans?

A

Infection can enter the herd in one of three ways:
1. Introduction of infected gilts and boars (carriers)
2. Infection brought into herd by other animals (vermin)
3. Exposure of the herd to indirect sources of contamination (contaminated water)

28
Q

Important points about Leptospira interrogans

A
  • “Lepto is late” in pigs (causes late term abortions)
  • White foci on kidneys at slaughter
  • Renal failure
  • Icterus: hemolytic toxics
29
Q

What does treatment and control of Leptospira interrogans look like?

A
  • Detect carriers and get rid of them
  • Vaccination
  • Tetracyclines in feed if outbreak
30
Q

What is pseudorabies (PRV)?

A
  • Porcine herpesvirus
  • Known as “Mad itch”/ Audjesky’s disease
31
Q

Is pseudorabies a reportable disease?

A

Yes!

If introduced, would cause repro failure in all ages PLUS neurologic disease and respiratory disease

32
Q

What is the brucellosis in swine called?

A

Brucella suis

33
Q

What serves are a reservoir for Brucella suis?

A

Feral swine

34
Q

T/F: Brucella suis is a reportable disease.

A

True

35
Q

T/F: Brucella suis is not a zoonotic disease.

A

False

B. suis is a zoonotic disease

36
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Brucella suis?

A
  • Transmission: contact with animals, feces, or repro secretions
  • Systemic infection leads to placental infection
37
Q

What stage of gestation can abortions occur due to Brucella suis?

A

Any stage of gestation

38
Q

What are clinical signs of Brucella suis?

A
  • Abortions
  • Lameness
  • Orchitis in boars
39
Q

What does treatment and control for Brucella suis look like?

A

Not good lol :)
* Antibiotices are not effective
* Depopulate facility for at least 2-3 months: expensive

ANEQ 313 (14 decks)

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