Classification Of Pathogenic Organisms

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

Anything able to cause disease

Question 2

Cellular Pathogen (Living)

Answer 2

-Parasites
-Protozoa
-Fungi
-Prokaryote

Question 3

Acellular Pathogen (Non-living)

Answer 3

-Virus
-Prion

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

• Single cell
• Can grow by themselves and produce toxins

Question 5

Viruses

Answer 5

Can’t grow by themselves, must infect their host before they can grow

Question 6

Parasites

Answer 6

Can’t survive without a host, but can cause infections in many different animals (less specific than viruses)

Question 7

Primary Source of Microorganisms

Answer 7

-Air
-Water
-Soil

Question 8

Secondary Sources of Microorganisms

Answer 8

-Plants
-Animals and humans (intestinal tracts, hides, hands, skin/ nose)
-Utensils and Processing equipment

Question 9

Why is it important to classify pathogenic microorganisms?

Answer 9

Type of microorganism influences treatment and prevention

Question 10

Gram stain

Answer 10

1. Crystal Violet
2. Grams Iodine
3. Decolonizer (alcohol)
4. Safranin

Question 11

Aerobes

Answer 11

Require presence of oxygen to grow

Question 12

Anaerobes

Answer 12

Require the absence of oxygen for growth

Question 13

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 13

Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen

Question 14

Psychrophiles

Answer 14

Cold tolerant, capable of growth at temperature below 7° C

Question 15

Mesophile

Answer 15

Grow within a temperature range of 20-45°C (body temperature)

Question 16

Thermophile

Answer 16

Grow at temperatures above 45°C

Question 17

Sporeforming Bacteria

Answer 17

Gram positive rods for endospores
-Bacillus anthracite, Clostridium spp.

Question 18

Antagonistic Interaction

Answer 18

One organism produces a substance which inhibits the growth of another

Question 19

Symbiotic Interaction

Answer 19

Simultaneous growth without interaction

Question 20

Synergistic Interaction

Answer 20

Growth of one organism causes change that favor growth of another

Question 21

LAB

Answer 21

Lactic Acid Bacteria

Question 22

What do do LABs do?

Answer 22

Ferment carbohydrates into organic acids which inhibits:
- Salmonella spp.
- Staphylococcus spp.
-Listeria monocytogenes
- Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum
- E. coli O157:H7

Question 23

LABs are found where?

Answer 23

Plants
Soil
Animals
Human gut

Question 24

What factors affect growth and survival of microorganisms?

Answer 24

1) Invasiveness
2) Ability to evade the host immune response
3) Overall health of the animal
4) Virulence factors (the severity or harmfulness of a disease)
5) Production of toxins
- Kill host cells
- Ability to cause disease
6) Capsule
- Reduce/ eliminate phagocytosis