Disease Prevention Strategies

Question 1

Live, Attenuated Vaccines

Answer 1

• Derived from “wild” viruses or bacteria
• Weakened in lab setting
• Small dose of antigen administered
• Replicates in body to stimulate immune response
  -DO NOT CAUSE MUCH DISEASE: mild compared to wild pathogen
• Immune response identical to natural infection (cellular immunity and antibody production)
• Usually one does is enough to provide protection
• Fragile: Storage and Handling important
• Efficacy affected by circulating antibodies

Question 2

Inactivated Vaccines

Answer 2

• Cannot replicate
• Cannot cause disease
• 2+ doses needed to obtain immunity
• Immunity is relatively short-lived
• Mostly antibody production (no cellular immunity)
• Additional doses to increase or boost antibody

Question 3

Whole-Cell Inactivated Vaccines

Answer 3

• Killed bacteria or viruses
• Physical or chemical process
• Rabies, Hepatitis A

Question 4

Sub-Unit Vaccines

Answer 4

• Portion of bacterium or virus
• Part needed to produce an immune response
  • Protein, polysaccharide or a combination (conjugate)
• Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

Question 5

Toxoid vaccines

Answer 5

-Inactivated bacterial toxins
- Heat, chemicals, or other methods
- Clostridium (tetanus)

Question 6

Recombinant Vaccines

Answer 6

• Combination of DNA from 2 or more sources
• Insertion of segment of viral gene into the gene of another virus or yeast cell
  • Production if the antigen protein
• Serogroup B meningococcal vaccine

Question 7

Why should you vaccinate?

Answer 7

To decrease…
- disease incidence
- disease severity
To increase…
- productivity
- longevity
- biosecurity
- well-being
- profit