Disease Management Strategies Flashcards
What are some disease management considerations?
- Control of disease within population
- Human and animal safety
- Prognosis (will the animal return to production status; financials matter)
- Animal welfare (What is the welfare cost?)
What are the different types of treatment for disease management?
- Curative
- Palliative/ supportive/ symptomatic
- Medical
- Surgical
- Euthanasia
NOTE: Not all treatments are the same, and timely physical exams and other diagnostic procedures are key to providing appropriate and prompt treatment
Curative Treatment
- Treating an animal with the intent to cure it
- Addressing the primary cause of disease
Palliative/Supportive/Symptomatic treatment
- Preserves well-being when curative treatment is not pursued
- Address symptoms without addressing primary causes
- Goal is to decrease animal’s discomfort
Surgical Treatment
- Invasive procedures: abrading, suturing, cutting, physical modifications
Medical Treatment
- Hygienic
- Pharmacologic
- Nutritional
- Physical therapy
Commonly used drugs
- Antibiotics
- Antimicrobials
What is an antibiotic?
Substance produced by a microorganism and at low concentrations inhibits or kills other microorganisms
- Usually antibacterial
What is an antimicrobial?
Any substance of natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic origin that inhibits or kills the growth of a microorganism but causes little or no damage to the host
- Antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, antiviral
How do you classify antibiotics?
- Effect on bacteria
• Bactericidal (kills the bacteria)
• Bacteriostatic (inhibits growth of the bacteria) - Spectrum of activity
• Broad or narrow
What are the different types of antibiotic activity?
• Time-dependent
• Concentration-dependent
• Hybrid (mix of time-dependent and concentration-dependent)
Time-dependent Antibiotic Activity
Serum concentration of antibiotic remains above MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for majority of dosing interval.
NOTE: You want to stay at minimum concentration for a long time
Concentration-dependent Antibiotic Activity
Focused on the peak concentration of antibiotic
What is a sensitive microorganism?
The microorganism is susceptible to the drug
What is a resistant microorganism?
The microorganism is not susceptible to the drug
Sensitivity and Resistance
A microorganism’s sensitivity and resistance may be dose dependent
What is an NSAID?
A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Examples: Aspirin, Flunixin meglumine, Ketoprofe
What do NSAIDs do?
- Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins
• Released in response to injury
• Cause vasodilation, erythema (redness), hyperalgesia (more pain) - Indications: control pyrexia (fever), pain, inflammation
- Adverse reactions: GI ulcers, renal failure, impaired blood clotting, etc.
What are some examples of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
- Dexamethasone
- Hydrocortisone
What do steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do?
- Suppress inflammation in various ways
• can be immunosuppressive - Indications: Treat allergy and inflammation
- Adverse effects (after prolonged use): Metabolic disease, immunosuppressive, reactivation if latent infection
What are fluids used for?
- Dehydration: Babies are very susceptible to dehydration
- Alterations in acid-base status
• Acidosis or alkalosis - Electrolyte abnormalities
What are some considerations when using fluids?
- Volume
- Rate
- Route
- Severity of disease
- Aseptic technique
- Skill of caretaker
- Safety
