Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANEQ 313 > Bovine Reproductive Diseases > Flashcards

Bovine Reproductive Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is anestrus?

A

Failure to exhibit estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the characteristics of true anestrus?

A
  • Minimal follicular activity
  • Absences of CL
  • Under-fed heifers or suckling beef cows
  • High producing first lactation dairy cows
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are characteristics of behavioral anestrus?

A
  • Estrus not observed
  • Animal is cycling normally
  • CL present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is more common, true anestrus or behavioral anestrus?

A

Behavioral anestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common cause of infertility in AI cattle?

A

Behavioral anestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Maternal origin of dystocia includes things like…

A
  • Anatomical/ pathological defects (fractrued pelvis)
  • Heifer dam too small (inadequate nutrition, bred too young)
  • Milk fever (low Ca)
  • Failure to dilate cervix (heifers)
  • Uterine torsion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you correct uterine torsion?

A
  • Roll (“plank in the flank”)
  • Correct by hand
  • Detorsion rod
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fetal origin of dystocia includes things like…

A
  • Oversized fetus
  • Abnormal disposition (posterior and breech presentation, flexion of limbs, deviation of head)
  • Twins
  • Monsters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the #1 cause of dystocia in heifers?

A

Fetal oversize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prolapse of the uterus is predisposed by…

A
  • Prolonged calving and/or forced extraction
  • Straining after calving due to trauma
  • Hypocalcemia (prevalent in mature dairy cows)
  • Relaxed, flaccid uterus and perineal region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does treatment for prolapsed uterus include?

A
  • Antibiotics for ensuing metritis
  • Calcium (older cows)
  • Clean uterus: fill trashbags with disinfectant (safe for tissues); remove straw (bedding); epidural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of retained fetal membranes?

A
  • Failure of villi to detach from crypts of caruncles
  • Retention > 12 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What disesases are associated with retained fetal membranes?

A
  • Metritis
  • Ketosis
  • LDA
  • Pyometra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the protocol for retained fetal membranes?

A

Stay out
* Say out of uterus
Leave
* Leave membranes alone (if obnoxious, trim with scissors)
Watch
* Watch rectal temp (if above 103 degrees, begine treatment for metritis: systemic antibiotics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of metritis?

A
  • < 10 days after calving (usually 2-4)
  • Large uterus, fluid filled, thin-walled
  • Infection involoves all layers of uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Should you use intrauterine antibiotics for metritis?

A

No, anareobic environment; organic debris inhibits many intrauterine antibiotics, and no benefits found in research.

IM or IV antimicrobials work best
Do not use oxytetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pyometra is the ____ to endometritis

A

Sequel

Pyometra: large amounts of pus with CL present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When should you use parenteral antibiotics?

A
  • Use for toxic metritis (temperature > 103 degrees; foul vaginal discharge)
  • No benefit for metritis without systemic illness
19
Q

What percentage of abortions (in cattle) are due to infectious causes?

A

80%

20
Q

What is the significance of Brucella abortus?

A
  • Worldwide distribution
  • Brucella abortus is a zoonotic disease
21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of B. abortus?

A
  • Oral ingestion from fetuses and membranes –> placentitis –> placental dysfunction –> fetal death
  • Occurs 7-5 months into gestation (late in gestation)
22
Q

What does the prevention and contol of B. abortus look like?

A
  • Cooperative state/ federal eradication programs
  • Test/ Cull
  • Vaccination: Breeding heifers <1 year old
23
Q

Why should you vaccinate in a brucellosis free state?

A
  • Selling heifers to another state
  • Animal welfare
  • Human safety
24
Q

What is the genus and species of the bovine-adapted leptospirosis?

A

Leptospira hardjo-bovis

25
Q

What is the significance of L. hardjo-bovis?

A
  • Common zoonotic disease
  • Worldwide distribution
  • Losses due to: milk production, reproductive loss, death
26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of L. hardjo-bovis?

A
  • Ingestion (mucus membranes)–> kidneys/ reproductive tract –> placental penetration –> fetal death
  • Usually late gestation
  • EED
  • Shed in milk and urine
27
Q

Why is the diagnosis of L. hardjo-bovis difficult?

A
  • Bacteria hides in kidney, hard to find/detect in pee
28
Q

What does prevention and control of L. hardjo-bovis involve?

A
  • Vaccination
  • limit exposure to contaminated water and wildlife
29
Q

What camplyobacter species can infect humans?

A
  • Campylobacter fetus

Enzootic in sheep

30
Q

Why is Campylobacter venerealis not seen in humans?

A

It is a venereal disease

31
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Campylobacter venerealis?

A
  • Exposure during breeding –> invades cervix –> uterus –> endometritis –> placentitis –> EED
  • Appears as prolonged estrous cycle

Embryo is resrbed which causes cow to return to estrus later

Immunity is established after infection

32
Q

Where does Campylobacter venerealis live?

A

It lives in the crypts of penis/ prepuce, especially in older bulls

33
Q

What does prevention and control of Campylobacter venerealis include?

A
  • Management of bulls (test new bulls; older bulls more likely to carry)
  • Vaccination of cows/ bulls
34
Q

What is the significance of Trichomonas fetus?

A
  • Worldwide distribution, with increasing incidence in the US
  • Causes infertility (EED), occasional abortion

Characterized by repeat breeders, low pregnancy rates, spread out calving season, etc.

35
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Trichomonas fetus?

A
  • Transmitted with sexual contact –> colonization in reproduction tract–> conception occurs –> endometritis/pyometra –> EED

Immunity established after infection

36
Q

What does prevention and control of Trichomonas fetus look like?

A
  • Identify carriers and cull
  • Utilize young bulls
  • AI
  • Remove open cows –> carriers

All bulls must now be tested on entry or movement in CO

37
Q

What is the significance of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus?

A
  • Worldspread (endemic) in cattle populations
  • It is a herpes virus –> latent infections and virus shedding
38
Q

What is the pathogenesis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?

A
  • Contact with respiratory, ocular, or reproductive secretions –> viremia –> placentitis
  • Abortions in 2nd or 3rd trimester
39
Q

Having a history of respiratory disease and cojunctivitis can indicate what disease?

Along with necrotic foci in liver

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

40
Q

What does prevention and control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis look like?

A
  • Vaccinate non-pregnant animals 1 month prior to breeding
  • Annual revaccination recommended
  • MLV can cause abortion

Do not use modified live vaccine on pregnant animals

41
Q

What is the significance of bovine viral diarrhea?

A
  • Worldwide distribution
  • Persistently infected animals
  • Spontaneous mutations are common

Often goes unseen and makes babes susceptible to may diseases; source of infection

42
Q

What is the pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea?

A
  • Contact –> viremia –> fetal infection
  • Time of exposure determines outcome
    0 - 90 days: Early pregnancy
  • Fetal death (EED or abortion)
  • Fetal survival PI
  • Congenital defects
    100 - 150 days
  • Death and abortion or congenital defects
    > 150 days
  • Fetus immune, weak or viable calves, poor dooers
43
Q

Prevention for retained fetal membranes includes?

A

Nutritional management of dry cows
* Prevent milk fever
* BCS: 3.5 ideal (dairy cows)
* Vitamin E/ Se (selenium)
Environment management
* Stress free
* Sanitation
Prevent dystocia
* Heifer size
* Calving ease sires

ANEQ 313 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions