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A&P 400 > Reproductive 2 female > Flashcards

Reproductive 2 female Flashcards

1
Q

Overall functions female reproductive system

A

produce sex hormone, produce functional gametes, protect/support developing embryo, maintain growing fetus, nourish newborn infant

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2
Q

Female external genitalia

A

Vulva (outer genitals) and urethra

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3
Q

Female internal genitalia

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

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4
Q

Mammary gland of breast

A

Produces milk to nourish infant

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5
Q

Female gonads (ovaries) functions

A

Produce gametes (oocytes that mature into ova), Produce hormones

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6
Q

Uterine tubes

A

deliver oocyte or embryo to the uterus

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7
Q

Uterus

A

site of embryonic and fetal development

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8
Q

Vagina

A

Birth canal during delivery, Passageway for fluids during menstruation

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9
Q

Mons pubis

A

Pad of fatty tissue overlapping symphysis pubis

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10
Q

Clitoris

A

Contains erectile tissue

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11
Q

Labia

A

Contain glands that lubricate the entrance to the vagina

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12
Q

Mammary glands

A

Produce milk to nourish newborn infant

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13
Q

Ovaries

A

Paired almond-shaped organs near the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity

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14
Q

Ovaries 3 main functions:

A
  1. Oogenesis: production of immature female
    gametes (oocytes)
  2. Secretion of female sex hormones (estrogens
    and progesterone)
  3. Secretion of inhibin (inhibits FSH production in
    the anterior pituitary gland)
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15
Q

Ligaments holding the ovary

A

Ovarian, Mesovarium, Suspensory, Broad

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16
Q

Germinal epithelium

A

Layer of squamous or cuboidal cells covering the ovary

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17
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Dense connective tissue layer just deep to the germinal epithelium

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18
Q

Cortex

A

superficial layer holding follicles where oocytes are produced

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19
Q

Medulla

A

deep to the cortex, loose CT w/ blood vessels

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20
Q

Ovarian follicles

A

developing oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of cells called follicular cells

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21
Q

mature follicles (Graafian follicles)

A

large, fluid filled follicle that is ready to rupture its secondary oocyte

22
Q

corpus luteum

A

remnants of follicle after ovulation that produces progesterone, estrogens, relaxin & inhibin until it degenerates into scar tissue

23
Q

Oogenesis

A

Formation of oocyte inside a follicle. Begins before birth, accelerates at puberty, ends at menopause

24
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

development of the follicle along side of oogenesis, development ends in the rupture of mature follicle (ovulation), becomes the corpus luteum and eventually corpus albicans

25
Q

Oogenesis Step 1

A

Germ cells migrate from yolk sac to ovaries. Germ cells differentiate into oogonia that continue to divide. A few divide to primary oocytes.

26
Q

Oogenesis Step 2

A

3-7th month fetal development, primary oocytes starts meiosis. Stops during prophase of meiosis 1 and stay until puberty

27
Q

Oogenesis Step 3

A

Starting at puberty ending at menopause - each month follicle stimulating hormone stimulates some primary oocytes to complete meiosis 1. Yields secondary oocyte and polar body

28
Q

Oogenesis Step 4

A

Secondary oocytes begin meiosis 2 but are arrested in metaphase 2. Usually one secondary oocyte ovulated per month

29
Q

Oogenesis Step 5

A

At fertilization, the secondary oocyte divides into a second polar body and a mature ovum (both haploid)

30
Q

ovarian follicles

A

Specialized structures where oocyte growth and meiosis I occur

31
Q

About 2 million primordial follicles exist at birth

A

Each containing a primary oocyte

32
Q

2 stages of ovarian cycle:

A
  1. Follicular phase: development of the follicle
  2. Luteal phase: development of the corpus luteum
33
Q

Stage 1 of the ovarian cycle

A

Primordial follicle in egg nest

34
Q

Primordial follicle

A

Inactive primary oocyte surrounded by a simple squamous layer of follicle cells

35
Q

Egg nests

A

Clusters of primary oocytes in the outer portion of the ovarian cortex, near the tunica albuginea

36
Q

Stage 2 of the ovarian cycle

A

Formation of primary follicles

37
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Follicular cells that have divided and form several layers around primary oocyte

38
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Region that develops around the oocyte

39
Q

Thecal endocrine cells

A

Layer of cells that form around the follicle

40
Q

Stage 3 of the ovarian cycle

A

Formation of secondary follicles

41
Q

Stage 4 and 5 of ovarian cycle

A

Formation of tertiary follicle

42
Q

One secondary follicle becomes

A

A tertiary follicle and eventually a mature graafian follicle

43
Q

Antrum

A

Expanded central chamber (antrum) is filled with follicular fluid

44
Q

Stage 6 of ovarian cycle

A

Ovulation

45
Q

Ovulation

A

Mature follicle releases secondary oocyte and corona radiata into the pelvic cavity

46
Q

When does follicular phase and and luteal phase begin

A

Ovulation

47
Q

Stage 7 of the ovarian cycle

A

Formation of corpus luteum

48
Q

Corpus lutem secretes

A

progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone stimulates maturation of the uterine lining

49
Q

Stage 8 of the ovarian cycle

A

Formation of corpus albicans

50
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

Scar tissue formed by degeneration of the corpus luteum when fertilization does not occur after 12 days

51
Q
A

A&P 400 (9 decks)

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