Reproductive

Question 1

Oral contraceptives

Answer 1

higher than endogenous levels of E and P inhibit secretion of FSH and LH by anterior pituitary

LH surge does not occur, thus, ovulation does not occur

Question 2

Adverse effects of oral contraceptives

Answer 2

Cardiovascular disorders (increased risk of HTN, thromboembolic event)
Cancer (increased risk of breast and cervical cancer)
Miscellaneous (breast tenderness, nausea, bloating, chloasma)

Question 3

Estrogen effects

Answer 3

Maturation of reproductive organs
Development of secondary sex charact.
Thickening of endometrium
Decreased LDL, increasing HDL in blood (good)
Lengthening of bones, increasing bone density

Question 4

Menopause

Answer 4

Decreased estrogen = increased osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease

Question 5

HRT (hormone replacement therapy)

Answer 5

After menopause, when there is decreased E and P, more of these hormones are given

Risks often outweigh the benefits -only use when there is a diagnosis that will benefit from this

Question 6

Risks of HRT

Answer 6

MI, stroke
breast cancer
dementia

Question 7

Benefits of HRT

Answer 7

Relief form symptoms of menopause
decreased risk of hip fractures
decreased risk of colorectal cancer

Question 8

Meds used to treat erectile disfunction

Answer 8

Hormone replacement therapy

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Question 9

Viagra

Answer 9

PDE-5 inhibitor

inhibits PDE-5 and increases and preserves cGMP levels in penis resulting in dilation of corpus cavernosum, increasing blood flow to penis

Question 10

Do not combine PDE-5 with vasodilator because…

Answer 10

hypotension

Question 11

Classes to treat BPH

Answer 11

5-alpha reductase inhibitors

Alpha1-adrenergic blockers

Question 12

5-alpha reductase inhibitors

Answer 12

prevent conversion of testosterone to 5DHT removing stimulus for hyperplasia