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NURS 200 > cardiac > Flashcards

cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

beta adrenergic vs beta blockers

A

BA: heart is failing, increase contractility
blocker: heart is working too hard, decrease contractility

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2
Q

vasodilators indications

A

HTN, HF

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3
Q

Vasodilators MOA

A

smooth muscle relaxation
dilates peripheral BVs
reduces reload and afterload

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4
Q

Cardiac glycosides indications

A

HF

stabilize dysrhythmias

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5
Q

cardiac glycosides (+) vs (-)

A

(+) inotrope: increase contractility

(-) chronotrope: slows HR

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6
Q

cardiac glycosides MOA

A

blocks sodium potassium pump

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7
Q

HTN is life threatening when diastolic is over…

A

120 mmHg

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8
Q

management of hypertensive emergency

A

administer fast acting vasodilators

Nitroprusside sodium

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9
Q

Nitroprusside sodium MOA

A

(for HTN emergency)

Donates nitric oxide

vasodilator

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10
Q

L vs R sided HF

A

L: blood cant pump into vasculature, backs up in pulmonary veins, elevated pulmonary pressure and pulmonary edema

R: RV cant pump blood to pulmonary artery, blood backs up into periphery

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11
Q

R sided HF S/S

A 
Systemic HTN
Hepatosplenomegaly ]
Peripheral edema
Ascites
Neck vein distension
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12
Q

L sided HF S/S

A 
SOB
Tachypnea >60
Orthopnea
cough, hoarseness
cyanosis
wheezing, grunting
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13
Q

How does the body naturally respond to decreased CO?

A

Increased HR

Increased BP

Increased blood volume

(retains salts and fluids)

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14
Q

What classes of meds are used to suppress body’s response to decreased CO?

A 
ACE inhibitors
ARBs 
Vasodilators
Diuretics
Beta Blockers
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15
Q

What drug classes can be used to treat HF?

A

Cardiac glycosides

beta blockers

ace inhibitors

ARBS

CCB

Diuretics

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16
Q

digitalis toxicity

A

toxic drug effects from administration of digoxin

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17
Q

Digitalis toxicity S\S

A 
halos/rings of light in vision, yellow/green vision
SOB
Arrhythmia
N/V
diarrhea
anorexia
headache
dizziness
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18
Q

What do we need to do before administering digoxin?

A

Assess EF

monitor apical pulse for 60 secs (withhold if HR is <60 bpm)

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19
Q

High risk for digitalis toxicity

A

Kidney failure, using diuretics

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20
Q

Tx of digitalis toxicity

A

digibind - digoxin specific antibiodies

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21
Q

how to assess for digitalis toxicity

A

blood test

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22
Q

Healthy EF

A

<60% assessed with echocardiogram

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23
Q

What to assess before giving cardiac meds

A

HR and BP

24
Q

MI tx goals

A 
restore blood supply to heart
reduce myocardial O2 demand
control dysrhythmias
reduce post-MI mortality
manage pain and anxiety
25
Q

Meds to restore blood supply to heart

A

Thrombolytics

organic nitrates

26
Q

Meds to reduce myocardial O2 demand

A

beta blockers

27
Q

Meds to control MI-associated dysrhythmias

A

Beta blockers

CCB

28
Q

Meds to reduce post-MI mortality

A

ASA

ACE inhibitors

29
Q

Meds to manage MI pain and anxiety

A

Analgesics

30
Q

Thrombolytics MOA

A

stimulates formation of plasmin to break down fibrin (dissolves clots)

31
Q

Assessment during thrombolytic therapy

A

VS

Neurological status

32
Q

Organic nitrates example

A

Nitroglycerin

33
Q

Organic nitrates MOA

A

donates nitric oxide (vasodilator)

34
Q

Organic Nitrates adverse affects

A

headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, nausea

35
Q

Bradykinin

A

vasodilator that increases permeability and causes inflammation

36
Q

ACE inhibitors adverse affects

A 
cough (no breakdown of bradykinin)
hypotension
fatigue
dizziness
headache
37
Q

ARBS adverse effects

A

hypotension
dizziness
hyperkalemia
headaches

38
Q

beta blockers adverse effects

A

bradycardia
hypotension
bronchospasm
hypoglycemia

39
Q

vasodilators adverse effects

A

hypotension
reflex tachycardia
fluid retention

40
Q

Diuretics MOA

A

decrease sodium reabsorption

41
Q

Diuretics adverse affects

A

dizziness
headache
dehydration

42
Q

Cardiac glycosides adverse affects

A 
malaise
SOB
N/V
headache, dizziness
yellow/green tint, halos
bradycardia
43
Q

ex of cardiac glucosides

A

digoxin

44
Q

Diuretics example

A

furosemide (Lasix)

45
Q

Anticoagulant

A

inhibits coagulation cascade

prevents clotting

46
Q

Antiplatelet

A

reduces tendency for platelets to stick together and form a clot

47
Q

Prothrombin time (PT) test

A

measures how long it takes blood to clot via extrinsic pathway

48
Q

Activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT) test

A

measures how long it takes blood to clot via the intrinsic pathway

49
Q

international normalized (INR) test

A

ensure that PT test results are standardized and accurate

50
Q

intrinsic clotting pathway

A

activated by contact with damaged BVs

51
Q

Extrinsic clotting pathway

A

activated by tissue factors released after external damage

52
Q

food to avoid taking when on anticoagulants

A

Vit K rich foods

53
Q

Natural anticoagulents

A

turmeric
ginger
cayenne peppers

54
Q

fluid restriction for HF is

A

1.5-2L/day

55
Q

when to report weight gain

A

over 2 kg over 3 days

NURS 200 (18 decks)

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