Nursing Therapeutics

Question 1

Therapy

Answer 1

the tx of the disease or disorders as by some remedial, rehabilitating or curative process

Question 2

Anthropometry

Answer 2

height and weight of the person

Question 3

Considerations around weight

Answer 3

done daily @ same time (morning)

Question 4

Serum proteins

• Biochemical analysis -

Answer 4

nutritional status, liver function

affects level of proteins that liver produces, blood loss

Question 5

Albumin

• Biochemical analysis -

Answer 5

most common serum protein

longest half life

good snap shot of a person’s nutritional status

Question 6

Transferrin

• Biochemical Analysis -

Answer 6

protein that transports iron, body increases transferrin if iron deficiency

Question 7

Transthyretin and retinol binding protein

Answer 7

respond to changes to nutrition quickly, affected by many factors

not best lab test to trend

Question 8

C reactive protein

Answer 8

indicator of infection and inflammation

source of metabolic stress

leads to increased nutrition

Question 9

Usual/ideal body weight

Answer 9

provides an estimate of what a person should weigh and rapid weight gain would indicate fluid shifts

usual is more affective than ideal body weight for changes in obese, underweight, or overweight

Question 10

Therapeutic index

Answer 10

measure of the safety of the drug ratio of the lethal dose of a drug and the minimum dose at which a therapeutic affect occurs

narrow: 1-2; difference b/w lethal dose and therapeutic dose is small
- more critical to assess -

Large: 4-5; difference is large

Question 11

Potency

Answer 11

relative amount of a drug required (in comparison to other drugs of the same class) to produce a desired response

Higher potency = lower dose

Question 12

Efficacy

Answer 12

measure the amount of the magnitude of maximal response in the patient that can be produced by a particular drug

lower dose (does not equal) decreased side effects

Question 13

Drug actions

Answer 13

mechanism of drug actions in living tissues

1. receptor interactions
2. enzyme interactions
3. nonspecific interactions

Question 14

Drug effect

Answer 14

the physiologic reaction of the body to the drug

potency and therapeutic index

Question 15

acute therapy

Answer 15

ICU or trauma rooms

ex. high risk meds in controlled environments

Question 16

Maintenance therapy

Answer 16

Chronic disease management

ex. HTN, DM II meds

Question 17

Supplemental therapy

Answer 17

TPN, insulin

Question 18

Palliative therapy

Answer 18

care vs cure

ex. narcotics, anti-anxiety

Question 19

supportive therapy

Answer 19

supports physiological needs

ex. fluids and electrolytes, blood products and oxygen

Question 20

Prophylactic therapy

Answer 20

ABX for asplenic pts

Question 21

Empiric therapy

Answer 21

based on precedence rather than research

ex. use of acetaminophen in a fever of unknown origin

Question 22

Monitoring Pharmacotherapy carefully

Answer 22

• therapeutic index
• drug concentration
• pts condition
• tolerance and dependence
• interactions
• side effects/adverse drug affects

Question 23

Pharmacologic rxns

Answer 23

it works too good

Question 24

Idiosyncratic rxns

Answer 24

particular to the pt, but not a true allergy or a pharmacologic rxn

Question 25

Allergic rxn

Answer 25

pts immune system decides to treat a drug as a dangerous character and overreacts

Question 26

Dose dependent effect

Answer 26

some adverse drug rxns are classified as side affects expected, well-known rxns that result in little or no change in pt management (predicable) effects intensity and occurrence are related to size of dose

Question 27

Additive affect

Answer 27

2 drugs are given together and they add to each of their effectiveness

Question 28

Synergistic effect

Answer 28

involves magnification of magnitude | equals more than they normally would on their own

Question 29

Antagonistic effect

Answer 29

one drug cancels the other one out or minimize other side affects

Question 30

Receptor Interaction

Answer 30

a molecule where a med binds to initiate its effect

Question 31

Selective Receptor interaction

Answer 31

binds with one type of receptor

Question 32

Non-selective receptor interaction

Answer 32

binds with several types of receptors

Question 33

Types of receptor interactions

Answer 33

Agonist Partial agonist Antagonist

Question 34

Agonist

Answer 34

drug produced response that mimics effect of the endogenous regulatory molecule

Question 35

Partial Agonist

Answer 35

med that produces weaker/lower effective response than agonist

Question 36

Antagonist

Answer 36

Blocks receptor 1. competitive: compete with the agonist for receptor sites 2. Non-competitive: binds with receptor sites and blocks the affect of the agonist 3. Functional: does not bind to receptor, works against the antagonist to slow drug absorption or speed up metabolism or excretion enhancing the removal of the drug

Question 37

Enzyme interaction

Answer 37

enzymes are inhibited where it binds to the drug instead of the target cell

Question 38

Enzyme

Answer 38

proteins that catalyze almost every cellular biochemical reaction

Question 39

Nonspecific interactions

Answer 39

Doesn't involve receptors or enzymes instead...cell membranes or metabolic processes are the biochemical target