GI

Question 1

Classes of laxatives

Answer 1

Bulk-forming
Stool softeners
Stimulants
Osmotics

Question 2

Bulk-forming

Answer 2

fiber that absorbs water, forming bulkier stool that passes more easily

must be taken with lots of water

Question 3

Stool softeners

Answer 3

surfactant that lowers surface tension of stool allowing more water to enter stool

often given when constipation poses a risk

Question 4

Stimulants

Answer 4

irritate bowel, promoting peristalsis

causes diarrhea and cramping

Question 5

Osmotics

Answer 5

draw water into GI tract

can cause rehydration

Question 6

Psyillium Mucilloid

Answer 6

Bulk-forming laxative

side effects: cramping diarrhea, obstruction of esophagus or intestines

NEED TO TAKE WITH WATER

Question 7

Anti-diarrheals

Answer 7

Opioids

Non-opioids

Question 8

Opioids (for diarrhea)

Answer 8

decrease GI motility via mu receptors, providing more time for water absorption (colon)

Question 9

Non-opioids (for diarrhea)

Answer 9

draws fluid out of bowel, anti-inflammatory

Question 10

Phenothiazine anti-emetic

Answer 10

reduces severe nausea and vomiting

Blocks D2 receptors in brain

Adverse effects: drowsiness, parkinsons symptoms (extrapyramidal)

Question 11

Classes of drugs that help IBD

Answer 11

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants

Question 12

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)

Answer 12

first line therapy

reduces production of prostaglandins associated with inflammation

Question 13

Corticosteroids

Answer 13

used if patient is not responsive to 5-ASA

Question 14

Immunosuppressants

Answer 14

used as maintenance once disease is remission from 5-ASA or corticosteroids

Question 15

Four classes that reduce acid secretion

Answer 15

H2 receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Anticholinergics
Prostaglandins

Question 16

H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 16

blocks H2 receptors on the parietal cells in the stomach to decrease acid production

Question 17

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer 17

reduce acid secretion by binding to pumps

H+/K+ pumps on parietal cells

Question 18

Other drugs used for PUD and GERD

Answer 18

Misoprostol

Bismuth compounds

Question 19

Misoprostol

Answer 19

prostaglandin agonist, promotes mucous secretion and inhibition of acid secretion

Question 20

Bismuth compounds

Answer 20

used for dyspepsia, heartburn and diarrhea