Reproduction pt1male Flashcards by Nikolina Savic

Why do species reproduce?
3

To produce offspring > species survival
Sexual reproduction: create new gene combinations
Natural selection: only the best adapted survive

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Advantages of reproduction
3

Increases variation
promotes survival
removes harmful genes from populations

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Disadvantages tk reproduction

2 parents needed
Requires more time/energy
fewer offspring produced

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Male vs female reproductive systems are characterized by
5

Gonads , testes vs ovaries
Sex hormones, testosterone vs estrogen
Gametes, sperm vs eggs
Primary sex characteristics, reproductive organs
Secondary sex characteristics, features not directly related to reproduction

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the male gonads are ___ and they produce ?

male gonads> testes produce sperm

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Tge female gonads are ____ and they produce?

female gonads= ovaries> produce eggs

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The fusion of male and female sex cells is called what?
> and its produces what?

Fusion of male and female cells is called fertilization and it produces a zygote

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From what is a embryo formed and how?
> What dose it become as it grows?

The embryo is formed from the zygote by being devided many times
> It continues to grow into a fetus

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What are the testes ?
> what do they produce?
> when dose the production begin?

Testes are thw male gonads (make reproductive cells)
> They produce sperm and testosterone , androgen
> the production of sperm begins at 13 and continues through life

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Whats the scrotum?
> what dose it do /how?

Tissue sac around testies
> it ensures the temp of testis be at 3 celsius lower than body temperature for sperm production to occur by being close to body when cold and away when hot

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Each testis contains:

Seminiferous tubules containing sertoli cells and interstitial cells

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Seminiferous tubules are what
>structure function
>how many dose it make

Seminiferous tubules are tightly packed coiled tubules within testis (250m)
> contain “sperm factories” in each testis where sperm mature ans devide
> they make 300/500 mil/day both together

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2 types of cells within the seminiferous tubules and their roles

1- Sertoli cells
> nourish and protect developing sperm until they are mature
2- Spermatogenic cells
> produce sperm

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Sertoli cells are what and role

Within the testes
> supply nutrients to developing sperm

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Interstitial cells are what and role

Within testes found between seminiferous tubules
> produce testosterone

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Spermatogenesis is what

a process that undergoes to form sperm in seminferous tubules by meiosis

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Spermatogenesis diffrent formations of sperm

Sperm producing cells : Spermatogenesis-
Spermatogonia> > spermatocytes> spermatids(Immature)> sperm

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how long dose it take to form sperm and by what cells

9-10 weeks to form mature sperm from spermatocytes to spermatids and then sperm

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Where dose sperm division begin and go

Begins in walls of the tubules and the more mature sperm is then released into the center of the tube

What is the epididymis
> roles and how long
> whats it called “”

The epididymis is a compact long coiled tube on the exterior surface of the testes
> temporary storage cite for immature sperm
> sperm school, takes about 20 days for sperm to swim through, during this time they gain the ability to sperm as they mature

What are the ducts vas deferens and role
> how is it connected

Tube that connects to the epididmys and transports sperm to the urethra
> carries sperm to ejacuation duct
> known as storage duct

Ejaculatory duct roles

controls semen (sperm + fluids) entering into the urethra
> carries sperm to penis

What is a penis and its roles

Anatomy of outer body that has the function to deliver sperm / samen into female
> shaft with tip(glans) , foreskin surrounding tip

What’s circumsision and erection

circumsision is the removal of the foreskin
erection is the tissue filling with blood and veins compressing

Urethra in males is what and its roles

Shared tube in males for both urine and semen (never at same time)

Ehacuation is and how dose it work

Urinary system shuts off first , bladder sphincter tightens as you cannot have both urine and semen at same time - sends off sympathetic and parasympathetic sensory nervous system causing penis to contract > secrets sperm and glands to release 3-4ml of fluid +500 mil sperm per ejacuation

Ehacuation is and how dose it work

Ejacuation releases how much sperm and semen and the properties

3-4ml fluid + 500 mil sperm per ejaculation has basic ph 7.2-7.4 - sperm live 24-72 hrs in semen

Where dose sperm mix with semen to form fluid

As it moves through the ducts vas deferens its mix with fluid from series of glands

What are the glands that provide stuff for sperm to mix with to form fluid

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and cowpers gland

The gland , Seminal vesicle (paired) dose what to sperm

It provides fructose that gives sperm energy to get to egg - Prostaglandins: causes uterine contraction in the female move towards the egg

The prostate gland (single) is what > role in reproduction

Size of walnut, surround urethra located in front of rectum > provides an allaline buffer to acidic vagina , activates sperm

Whats prostatis

as men age prostate cancer wnlarge , strangling urethra causing difficulty urinating

Whats the cowper’s gland (paired) role

secretes mucus prior to ejaculation to neutralize semen in urethra from urine

Semen is

milky mixture containing sperm and seminal fluid

Seminal fluid is

fluid part of semen which is secreted bu three glands: Prostate, cowper’s ans seminal vesicles

pathway of sperm

Produced and matures in testes in seminiferous tubules > epididymis > vas ducts deferns> ( passes seminal vesicle, prostate gland and bulbourtherap gland)> urethra

Which chromosome are male and what is it

XY on the Y ; testes determening factor (TDF) causes production of androgens (male hormones)

Testes descend where decelop and when

deceloped in abdominal cavity , start descending 3rd month abdominal finish by 7th

Puberty in males is and what dose it cause

Testosterone production which causes - final development of sex organs , spermatogenesis, secondary sexual characteristics; deep voice, hair muscle developing

Andropause is

drop of testosterone level at 40 causes loss of bone and muscle mass and less sperm production

What is hormonal regulation in males? > what organs are involved to release hormones > what hormones

>Hormone regulation is when hypothalamus releases GnRH which stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release hormones > FSH, Follocle Stimulating hormone and LH, Luteinizing hormone

What is the FSH hormone do?

promotes sperm production in seminiferous tubules

What is the LH , luteinizing hormone also called? > what dose it do

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone, ICSH > acts on interstitial cells to produce testosterone

What is sterile?

inability to release or produce sperm

what is vasectomy?

form of contraception, vas deferes are cut off to stop sperm going into semen

How is urine and semen not able to enter urethra at the same time?

Sphincter at bottom of bladder closes during erection so urine is unable ti pass through urethra during ejaculation