Reproduction pt1male Flashcards
Why do species reproduce?
3
- To produce offspring > species survival
- Sexual reproduction: create new gene combinations
- Natural selection: only the best adapted survive
Advantages of reproduction
3
- Increases variation
- promotes survival
- removes harmful genes from populations
Disadvantages tk reproduction
- 2 parents needed
- Requires more time/energy
- fewer offspring produced
Male vs female reproductive systems are characterized by
5
- Gonads , testes vs ovaries
- Sex hormones, testosterone vs estrogen
- Gametes, sperm vs eggs
- Primary sex characteristics, reproductive organs
- Secondary sex characteristics, features not directly related to reproduction
the male gonads are ___ and they produce ?
male gonads> testes produce sperm
Tge female gonads are ____ and they produce?
female gonads= ovaries> produce eggs
The fusion of male and female sex cells is called what?
> and its produces what?
Fusion of male and female cells is called fertilization and it produces a zygote
From what is a embryo formed and how?
> What dose it become as it grows?
The embryo is formed from the zygote by being devided many times
> It continues to grow into a fetus
What are the testes ?
> what do they produce?
> when dose the production begin?
Testes are thw male gonads (make reproductive cells)
> They produce sperm and testosterone , androgen
> the production of sperm begins at 13 and continues through life
Whats the scrotum?
> what dose it do /how?
Tissue sac around testies
> it ensures the temp of testis be at 3 celsius lower than body temperature for sperm production to occur by being close to body when cold and away when hot
Each testis contains:
Seminiferous tubules containing sertoli cells and interstitial cells
Seminiferous tubules are what
>structure function
>how many dose it make
Seminiferous tubules are tightly packed coiled tubules within testis (250m)
> contain “sperm factories” in each testis where sperm mature ans devide
> they make 300/500 mil/day both together
2 types of cells within the seminiferous tubules and their roles
1- Sertoli cells
> nourish and protect developing sperm until they are mature
2- Spermatogenic cells
> produce sperm
Sertoli cells are what and role
Within the testes
> supply nutrients to developing sperm
Interstitial cells are what and role
Within testes found between seminiferous tubules
> produce testosterone
Spermatogenesis is what
a process that undergoes to form sperm in seminferous tubules by meiosis
Spermatogenesis diffrent formations of sperm
Sperm producing cells : Spermatogenesis-
Spermatogonia> > spermatocytes> spermatids(Immature)> sperm
how long dose it take to form sperm and by what cells
9-10 weeks to form mature sperm from spermatocytes to spermatids and then sperm
Where dose sperm division begin and go
Begins in walls of the tubules and the more mature sperm is then released into the center of the tube
What is the epididymis
> roles and how long
> whats it called “”
The epididymis is a compact long coiled tube on the exterior surface of the testes
> temporary storage cite for immature sperm
> sperm school, takes about 20 days for sperm to swim through, during this time they gain the ability to sperm as they mature
What are the ducts vas deferens and role
> how is it connected
Tube that connects to the epididmys and transports sperm to the urethra
> carries sperm to ejacuation duct
> known as storage duct
Ejaculatory duct roles
controls semen (sperm + fluids) entering into the urethra
> carries sperm to penis
What is a penis and its roles
Anatomy of outer body that has the function to deliver sperm / samen into female
> shaft with tip(glans) , foreskin surrounding tip
What’s circumsision and erection
circumsision is the removal of the foreskin
erection is the tissue filling with blood and veins compressing
Urethra in males is what and its roles
Shared tube in males for both urine and semen (never at same time)
Ehacuation is and how dose it work
Urinary system shuts off first , bladder sphincter tightens as you cannot have both urine and semen at same time
- sends off sympathetic and parasympathetic sensory nervous system causing penis to contract
> secrets sperm and glands to release 3-4ml of fluid +500 mil sperm per ejacuation
Ehacuation is and how dose it work
Urinary system shuts off first , bladder sphincter tightens as you cannot have both urine and semen at same time
- sends off sympathetic and parasympathetic sensory nervous system causing penis to contract
> secrets sperm and glands to release 3-4ml of fluid +500 mil sperm per ejacuation
Ejacuation releases how much sperm and semen and the properties
3-4ml fluid + 500 mil sperm per ejaculation
has basic ph 7.2-7.4
- sperm live 24-72 hrs in semen
Where dose sperm mix with semen to form fluid
As it moves through the ducts vas deferens its mix with fluid from series of glands
What are the glands that provide stuff for sperm to mix with to form fluid
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and cowpers gland
The gland , Seminal vesicle (paired) dose what to sperm
It provides fructose that gives sperm energy to get to egg
- Prostaglandins: causes uterine contraction in the female move towards the egg
The prostate gland (single) is what
> role in reproduction
Size of walnut, surround urethra located in front of rectum
> provides an allaline buffer to acidic vagina , activates sperm
Whats prostatis
as men age prostate cancer wnlarge , strangling urethra causing difficulty urinating
Whats the cowper’s gland (paired) role
secretes mucus prior to ejaculation to neutralize semen in urethra from urine
Semen is
milky mixture containing sperm and seminal fluid
Seminal fluid is
fluid part of semen which is secreted bu three glands: Prostate, cowper’s ans seminal vesicles
pathway of sperm
Produced and matures in testes in seminiferous tubules > epididymis > vas ducts deferns> ( passes seminal vesicle, prostate gland and bulbourtherap gland)> urethra
Which chromosome are male and what is it
XY
on the Y ; testes determening factor (TDF) causes production of androgens (male hormones)
Testes descend where decelop and when
deceloped in abdominal cavity , start descending 3rd month abdominal finish by 7th
Puberty in males is and what dose it cause
Testosterone production which causes
- final development of sex organs , spermatogenesis, secondary sexual characteristics; deep voice, hair muscle developing
Andropause is
drop of testosterone level at 40
causes loss of bone and muscle mass and less sperm production
What is hormonal regulation in males?
> what organs are involved to release hormones
> what hormones
> Hormone regulation is when hypothalamus releases GnRH which stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release hormones
FSH, Follocle Stimulating hormone
and LH, Luteinizing hormone
What is the FSH hormone do?
promotes sperm production in seminiferous tubules
What is the LH , luteinizing hormone also called?
> what dose it do
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone, ICSH
> acts on interstitial cells to produce testosterone
What is sterile?
inability to release or produce sperm
what is vasectomy?
form of contraception, vas deferes are cut off to stop sperm going into semen
How is urine and semen not able to enter urethra at the same time?
Sphincter at bottom of bladder closes during erection so urine is unable ti pass through urethra during ejaculation
