Endocrine System Flashcards
Homeostasis is and maintained by
balance within the body that is maintained by endocrine system working in conjunction with nervous system
how are hormone levels regulated
through negative feedback mechanisms
whats negative feedback mechanism
a way hormone levels are regulated
> accumulation of certain biochemical switches off hormone synthesis to maintain homeostasis, prevents small changes from becoming too large
Whats positive feedback loop
reinforcement of change, rapidly accomplishing discrete physiological events and once accomplished the system stops
the endocrine system is run by
négative feedback loops
the nervous system is
rapid in responding to change, uses electrical and chemical signals which are relayed through neurons and affect specific locations one at a time
the endocrine system is
sustained response to change-longer time
uses hormonal signals that are relayed through the bloodstream and affect whole body functioning at longer periods of time
key glands of endocrine system
pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testis
Hypothalamus regulates the —— via
pituitary via nerves and hormones
hypothalamus produces what
and they stimulate what
releasing hormones (factors) that stimulate thr anterior pituitary gland to release a stored hormone
the pituitary is called ___ bc
master gland, as its responsible for releasing a number of hormones involved in critical functions
many hormones released by hypothalamus and pituitary are ___, meaning
tropoc hormones , meaning they stimulate other glands to release other hormones
Posterior pituitary does what and is
stores but doesn’t produce hormones (oxytocin qnd ADH) , is connected to hypothalamus via nerves
Anterior pituitary dose what and is stimulated by
synthesizes hGH, prolactin, TSH,ACTH,FSH and LH and is stimulated by hypothalamus with hormones
Thyroid produces
thyroxine and calcitonin
Parathyroid produces
parathyroid hormone
Adrenal medulla produces ___ that is involved in
epinephrine and norepinephrine involved in short term stress response
Adrenal cortex produces ___ involved in
cortisol and aldosterone involved in long term stress response
Pancreas is and dose what
, has specialized cluster of cells , (Islets of Langerchans ) that secret hormones into bloodstream and responsible for glucose regulation , creates beta cells to secrete insulin and alpha to secrete glucagon
Hormones are
chemical messagers transported via bloodstream that interact with receptor proteins specific to their target tissue leading to a cascade of events within cells
what are the two types of hormones and how are they classified
Classified by the way they interact with target cells
1- Water soluble hormone
2- Fat soluble hormone
what are water soluble hormones
proteins, peptides, amino acids derivatives
Hormones that cannot cross lipid membrane, repel from membrane and thus interact with cells by binding to external receptor cites
What are the fat soluble hormones
steroids
fat soluble hormones are able to diffuse across the lipid membrane and thus interact with cells by binding to receptors sites within the cytoplasm