reproduction/dna Flashcards
Asexual reproduction: binary fission
involves bacteria cells, the chromosome binds to the plasma membrane where it replicates, as the cell grows it pinches in two =2 identical cells
Sexual Reproduction
2 cells contribute genetic material =greater variation
Meiosis
process that determines how reproductive cells divide in a sexually reproducing organism; meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 result in 4 daughter cells that contain half as many chromosomes as the parent
Interphase
before meiosis, chromosomes are duplicated and the cell prepares for division
For every trait expressed in a sexually reproducing organism, theres at least ___
2 alleles
Allele
alternative versions of a gene
Genotype
combination of alleles
Phenotype
what traits will be expressed
Punnett square
Predicts genotype and phenotype
DNA bases form a
hydrogen bonds with other bases on the complementary strand
Transcription
An RNA strans complementary to to the original DNA strand is produced (mRNA)
mRNA
functions as the messenger from the original DNA helix in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytosol or on the rough ER
Ribosome as site of translation
mRNA slides through ribosome
tRNA
carries anticodon, binds to ribosome when its codon is sliding through the ribosome
Chain ends when
it reaches the stop codon, its then released into the cytoplasm and the protein folds onto itself to form complete conformation