Chem

Question 1

Scientific notation: Base Value and logarithm

Answer 1

Significand and exponential

Question 2

An atomically charged atom

Answer 2

ion- cation+, anion-

Question 3

Periodic table: periods

Answer 3

horizontal rows

Question 4

Periodic table: groups

Answer 4

Vertical columns group # = valence electron #

Question 5

Atomic number

Answer 5

Number of protons, defines atom

Question 6

Atomic mass

Answer 6

Protons + Neutrons; Average mass of the atoms isotopes

Question 7

Isotopes determined by

Answer 7

Different number of neutrons

Question 8

Combination of elements

Answer 8

Compounds; form in whole number ratios ex NaCl 1:1

Question 9

Chemical equation

Answer 9

Reactants -> products

Question 10

Equilibrium

Answer 10

State where reactants form products at the same rates that products are forming reactants

Question 11

Ways to increase reaction rate

Answer 11

Raising temp, increase surface area, increase concentration, catalysts (lower activation energy-enzymes)

Question 12

Solution parts

Answer 12

Solute- part being dissolved; Solvent- part doing the dissolving

Question 13

Alloys

Answer 13

Solid solutions of metals to make a new one

Question 14

Amalgens

Answer 14

A specific type of alloy in which another metal is dissolved in mercury

Question 15

Emulsion

Answer 15

Mixtures of matter that readily separate such as water and oil

Question 16

Percent concentration

Answer 16

Expression of concentration as parts per 100 parts; ex: mg/100 mL

Question 17

Molar concentration

Answer 17

A mole is 6.02 x10^23 molecules of something

Question 18

Avogadro’s number

Answer 18

6.02 x 10^23

Question 19

Combustion reaction and products

Answer 19

Self sustaining exothermic chemical reaction;

products: Carbon Dioxide CO2 and water H2O

Question 20

Single replacement reaction

Answer 20

Involve ionic compounds; consist of a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing a less active metal to produce a new compound;
Ex: Cu+2AgBr -> CuBr + 2Ag

Question 21

Double replacement

Answer 21

Involve two ionic compounds; positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion of the other compound;
Ex: AgBr + KCu -> AgK + BrCu

Question 22

Chemical bonding determined by

Answer 22

interplay of the electrons in the outer shell of the atom

Question 23

Ionic bonding

Answer 23

an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions or a cation and an anion; Metal + Nonmetal

Question 24

Covalent Bonding

Answer 24

Formed when two atoms share electrons; strongest chemical bond; nonmetal + nonmetal

Question 25

Electrons in the bond are shared equally=

Answer 25

Nonpolar

Question 26

Polar

Answer 26

When the shared electron density of the bond is more concentrated around one atom more than the other

Question 27

Polarity based on

Answer 27

the difference in electronegativity values of the elements involved

Question 28

Intermolecular forces

Answer 28

attraction between whole molecules

Question 29

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 29

attraction for a hydrogen atom by highly electronegative element (F,O,N); strongest intermolecular force

Question 30

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 30

Dipole created when an electron pair is shared unequally in a covalent bond between two atoms/elements; the molecule will have a positive and negative side which attract

Question 31

Dispersion Forces (London Forces)

Answer 31

Weakest intermolecular force; electrons within an element concentrate on one side which causes a temporary dipole which attract to another temporary dipole of opposite charge

Question 32

Oxidation

Answer 32

loss of electron

Question 33

Reduction

Answer 33

gain of electrons

Question 34

Reducing agent

Answer 34

element that is oxidized

Question 35

Oxidizing agent

Answer 35

element that is reduced

Question 36

Net Charge of a molecule

Answer 36

sum of oxidation numbers

Question 37

Acids

Answer 37

corrosive to metals, turn litmus paper red ph below 7; hydrogen or proton donors

Question 38

Bases

Answer 38

Alkaline, denature proteins, slippery, turn litmus paper blue, ph above 7; hydrogen or proton acceptors; have OH group

Question 39

Radiation

Answer 39

the particles/energy that are emitted from an unstable nucleus

Question 40

Alpha radiation

Answer 40

emits 2 protons , 2 neutrons, +2 charge, largest emission

Question 41

Beta radiation

Answer 41

Decomposition of a neutron into positron or Electron- 1 more proton 1 less neutron; Positron-1 less proton, 1 more neutron

Question 42

Half life

Answer 42

amount of time it takes for half of the unstable isotope to decay; it will decay until it finds a stable nuclear cofiguration

Question 43

Sugars starches carbs provide

Answer 43

energy for the body, carbs most abundant

Question 44

Deoxyribose and ribose are used in

Answer 44

the formation of DNA and RNA

Question 45

Oligo/polysaccharides

Answer 45

3-6 sugars

Question 46

More than 6 sugars

Answer 46

starch; cellulose and glycogen

Question 47

Glycolysis

Answer 47

Metabolization of glucose aerobic: 2 pyruvate, 2 atp pyruvate further metabolized by krebs cycle (oxidative phosphorylation) anaerobic (exercise): glucose->lactate

Question 48

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 48

production of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances-> energy cycle or stored as glycogen

Question 49

What gives an amino acid its identity

Answer 49

the R group

Question 50

union if 2 amino acids by a

Answer 50

peptide bond- called a dipeptide

Question 51

less than 30 amino acids called

Answer 51

polypeptide, larger are proteins

Question 52

Amino acids in humans

Answer 52

20

Question 53

Fatty acids consist of

Answer 53

a hydrocarbon chain with an acid group, carboxyl group COOH

Question 54

Triglyceride

Answer 54

3 fatty acids joined to a glycerol

Question 55

Phospholipids

Answer 55

2 fatty acids, phosphate group, glycerol; essential components of cell membrane

Question 56

Fats are used to

Answer 56

protect organs, maintain body temp, keep skin/hair healthy, promote healthy cell function, energy stores

Question 57

Nucleic acids found in

Answer 57

cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus

Question 58

Backbone of DNA molecule composed of

Answer 58

deoxyribose, pentose, phosphate

Question 59

2 sugar phosphate chains in DNA

Answer 59

run opposite of each other (Antiparallel)