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Hesi > Chem > Flashcards

Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific notation: Base Value and logarithm

A

Significand and exponential

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2
Q

An atomically charged atom

A

ion- cation+, anion-

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3
Q

Periodic table: periods

A

horizontal rows

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4
Q

Periodic table: groups

A

Vertical columns group # = valence electron #

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5
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons, defines atom

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6
Q

Atomic mass

A

Protons + Neutrons; Average mass of the atoms isotopes

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7
Q

Isotopes determined by

A

Different number of neutrons

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8
Q

Combination of elements

A

Compounds; form in whole number ratios ex NaCl 1:1

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9
Q

Chemical equation

A

Reactants -> products

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10
Q

Equilibrium

A

State where reactants form products at the same rates that products are forming reactants

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11
Q

Ways to increase reaction rate

A

Raising temp, increase surface area, increase concentration, catalysts (lower activation energy-enzymes)

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12
Q

Solution parts

A

Solute- part being dissolved; Solvent- part doing the dissolving

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13
Q

Alloys

A

Solid solutions of metals to make a new one

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14
Q

Amalgens

A

A specific type of alloy in which another metal is dissolved in mercury

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15
Q

Emulsion

A

Mixtures of matter that readily separate such as water and oil

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16
Q

Percent concentration

A

Expression of concentration as parts per 100 parts; ex: mg/100 mL

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17
Q

Molar concentration

A

A mole is 6.02 x10^23 molecules of something

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18
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

6.02 x 10^23

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19
Q

Combustion reaction and products

A

Self sustaining exothermic chemical reaction;

products: Carbon Dioxide CO2 and water H2O

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20
Q

Single replacement reaction

A

Involve ionic compounds; consist of a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing a less active metal to produce a new compound;
Ex: Cu+2AgBr -> CuBr + 2Ag

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21
Q

Double replacement

A

Involve two ionic compounds; positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion of the other compound;
Ex: AgBr + KCu -> AgK + BrCu

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22
Q

Chemical bonding determined by

A

interplay of the electrons in the outer shell of the atom

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23
Q

Ionic bonding

A

an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions or a cation and an anion; Metal + Nonmetal

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24
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

Formed when two atoms share electrons; strongest chemical bond; nonmetal + nonmetal

25
Q

Electrons in the bond are shared equally=

A

Nonpolar

26
Q

Polar

A

When the shared electron density of the bond is more concentrated around one atom more than the other

27
Q

Polarity based on

A

the difference in electronegativity values of the elements involved

28
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

attraction between whole molecules

29
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

attraction for a hydrogen atom by highly electronegative element (F,O,N); strongest intermolecular force

30
Q

Dipole-Dipole

A

Dipole created when an electron pair is shared unequally in a covalent bond between two atoms/elements; the molecule will have a positive and negative side which attract

31
Q

Dispersion Forces (London Forces)

A

Weakest intermolecular force; electrons within an element concentrate on one side which causes a temporary dipole which attract to another temporary dipole of opposite charge

32
Q

Oxidation

A

loss of electron

33
Q

Reduction

A

gain of electrons

34
Q

Reducing agent

A

element that is oxidized

35
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

element that is reduced

36
Q

Net Charge of a molecule

A

sum of oxidation numbers

37
Q

Acids

A

corrosive to metals, turn litmus paper red ph below 7; hydrogen or proton donors

38
Q

Bases

A

Alkaline, denature proteins, slippery, turn litmus paper blue, ph above 7; hydrogen or proton acceptors; have OH group

39
Q

Radiation

A

the particles/energy that are emitted from an unstable nucleus

40
Q

Alpha radiation

A

emits 2 protons , 2 neutrons, +2 charge, largest emission

41
Q

Beta radiation

A

Decomposition of a neutron into positron or Electron- 1 more proton 1 less neutron; Positron-1 less proton, 1 more neutron

42
Q

Half life

A

amount of time it takes for half of the unstable isotope to decay; it will decay until it finds a stable nuclear cofiguration

43
Q

Sugars starches carbs provide

A

energy for the body, carbs most abundant

44
Q

Deoxyribose and ribose are used in

A

the formation of DNA and RNA

45
Q

Oligo/polysaccharides

A

3-6 sugars

46
Q

More than 6 sugars

A

starch; cellulose and glycogen

47
Q

Glycolysis

A

Metabolization of glucose
aerobic: 2 pyruvate, 2 atp
pyruvate further metabolized by krebs cycle (oxidative phosphorylation)
anaerobic (exercise): glucose->lactate

48
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

production of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances-> energy cycle or stored as glycogen

49
Q

What gives an amino acid its identity

A

the R group

50
Q

union if 2 amino acids by a

A

peptide bond- called a dipeptide

51
Q

less than 30 amino acids called

A

polypeptide, larger are proteins

52
Q

Amino acids in humans

A

20

53
Q

Fatty acids consist of

A

a hydrocarbon chain with an acid group, carboxyl group COOH

54
Q

Triglyceride

A

3 fatty acids joined to a glycerol

55
Q

Phospholipids

A

2 fatty acids, phosphate group, glycerol; essential components of cell membrane

56
Q

Fats are used to

A

protect organs, maintain body temp, keep skin/hair healthy, promote healthy cell function, energy stores

57
Q

Nucleic acids found in

A

cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus

58
Q

Backbone of DNA molecule composed of

A

deoxyribose, pentose, phosphate

59
Q

2 sugar phosphate chains in DNA

A

run opposite of each other (Antiparallel)

Hesi (15 decks)

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