Biology Flashcards
Hierarchic system of organization
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
The polar nature of water allows for
verastile solvent and hydrogen bonding between molecules = high specific heat, strong adhesive and cohesive properties
Specific heat
amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that molecule by 1 degree celsius; ^specific heat ^resistant to change in temp
When water freezes,
it forms a lattice = floating
Carbohydrates
long chains, or polymers, of sugars; storage structure and energy
Lipids
fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids
Fatty acids
saturated (solid + no double bonds) and unsaturated (liquid + double bonds c:)
Phospholipids
consist of 2 fatty acids of varying length bonded to a phosphate group (polar) hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids (nonpolar); molecules combine to create a barrier that protects the cell
Steroids
component of membranes and many are precursors to significant hormones
Proteins
most significant contributor to cellular function, polymers of 20 amino acids; largest biomolecule, enzymes are type of protein that catalyzes reactions
Metabolism
sum of chemical reactions that occur within an organism, take place in a series of steps (metabolic pathway) from high to low energy standpoints; reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Prokaryotic cell
no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
nucleus, membrane bound organelles, more complex
2 catabolic pathways that produce energy
Cellular respiration (combustion) > and fermentation (anaerobic)
NADH
reducing agent and is a vehicle of stored energy; used as a precursor to produce greater amounts of atp in the final steps of respiration