Biology

Question 1

Hierarchic system of organization

Answer 1

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

The polar nature of water allows for

Answer 2

verastile solvent and hydrogen bonding between molecules = high specific heat, strong adhesive and cohesive properties

Question 3

Specific heat

Answer 3

amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that molecule by 1 degree celsius; ^specific heat ^resistant to change in temp

Question 4

When water freezes,

Answer 4

it forms a lattice = floating

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

long chains, or polymers, of sugars; storage structure and energy

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 7

Fatty acids

Answer 7

saturated (solid + no double bonds) and unsaturated (liquid + double bonds c:)

Question 8

Phospholipids

Answer 8

consist of 2 fatty acids of varying length bonded to a phosphate group (polar) hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids (nonpolar); molecules combine to create a barrier that protects the cell

Question 9

Steroids

Answer 9

component of membranes and many are precursors to significant hormones

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

most significant contributor to cellular function, polymers of 20 amino acids; largest biomolecule, enzymes are type of protein that catalyzes reactions

Question 11

Metabolism

Answer 11

sum of chemical reactions that occur within an organism, take place in a series of steps (metabolic pathway) from high to low energy standpoints; reactions catalyzed by enzymes

Question 12

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 12

no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles

Question 13

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 13

nucleus, membrane bound organelles, more complex

Question 14

2 catabolic pathways that produce energy

Answer 14

Cellular respiration (combustion) > and fermentation (anaerobic)

Question 15

NADH

Answer 15

reducing agent and is a vehicle of stored energy; used as a precursor to produce greater amounts of atp in the final steps of respiration

Question 16

Glycolysis

Answer 16

First step to convert glucose to pyruvate; takes place in the cytosol of the cell and produces two molecules of atp, pyruvate, and NADH

Question 17

Step two glucose to pyruvate

Answer 17

Pyruvate is transported into mitochondrion> kreb’s cycle-takes place in the mitochondria matrix, 1 glucose molecule= 2 atp, 6CO2, 6 NADH

Question 18

Step 3 glucose -> pyruvate

Answer 18

begins with oxidation of of NADH molecules to produce oxygen and then water in the electron transport chain, 1 glucose molecule = 28-32 atp produced

Question 19

Overall ATP produced for every glucose molecule in Cellular respiration

Answer 19

32-36

Question 20

Photosynthesis

Answer 20

Production of atp by absorbing light, using that energy to split a water molecule and transfer the electron = NADPH and producing ATP} -> calvin cycle = sugar->polymerized stored as polymer of glucose ->cellular respiration