A&P 2

Question 1

Body framework consists of

Answer 1

bone, cartilage, ligaments, and joints

Question 2

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 2

support, movement, blood formation (hemopoiesis), protection, of internal organs, detoxification, provision for muscle attachment, and mineral storage(Calcium/phosphorus)

Question 3

Bone shapes

Answer 3

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 4

Long bone

Answer 4

has irregular epiphysis at each end, composed of mainly spongey (cancellous) bone, and a shaft (diaphysis), composed mainly of compact bone

Question 5

Osteoblasts

Answer 5

cells that form compact bone, when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix, they stop dividing but continue to maintain bone tissue as osteocytes

Question 6

Axial skeleton

Answer 6

consists of 28 bones of the skull, separated into 14 facial bones and 14 cranial bones

Question 7

Facial bones

Answer 7

two nasal bones, two maxillary bones, two zygomatic bones, one mandible, two palatine bones, one vomer, two lacrimal and two inferior nasal conchae

Question 8

Cranial bones

Answer 8

occipital, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid, and the paired parietal, temporal, and ossicles of the ear (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 9

Axial skeleton

Answer 9

33; 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 fused sacral vertebrae, coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone) +thorax, sternum, 12 ribs

Question 10

Upper Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 10

includes girdles and ribs, pectoral/shoulder girdle, clavicle, scapula, and upper extremity

Question 11

Bones of arm

Answer 11

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 12

Lower Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 12

made up of pelvic girdle or os coxae, each of os coxae consists of a fused ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 13

Bones of lower extremity

Answer 13

femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 14

Muscles produce movement by

Answer 14

contracting in response to nervous stimulation

Question 15

Muscle contraction results from

Answer 15

the sliding together of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber

Question 16

Muscle cells made up of

Answer 16

myofibrils-made up of smaller units called sarcomeres

Question 17

____ & ____ must be present for a muscle to contract

Answer 17

calcium and ATP

Question 18

Contraction step 1

Answer 18

nervous stimulation from motor neurons causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Contraction step 2

Answer 19

Calcium ions attach to inhibitory proteins on the actin and myosin filaments

Question 20

Contraction step 3

Answer 20

using energy supplied by ATP the filaments slide together to produce contraction