Reproduction and Pregnancy Flashcards
What are the parts of the male reproductive system?
- Tube from bladder
- Glands / seminal vesticle
- Sperm duct / vas deferens
- Urethra
- Erectile Tissue
- Head of penis
- Foreskin (may be removed)
- Testis
- Scrotal sac (scrotum)
What is sperm?
Sperm is the male sex cell, or gamete, made in the testes after puberty
What does sperm make with during sexual intercourse?
Sperm mix with a liquid to make semen, which is ejaculated from the penis during sexual intercourse
What are the parts of the female reproductive system?
- Fallopian Tube (oviduct)
- Cervix
- Vagina
- Womb (uterus)
- Ovary
What is an egg/ovum?
An egg is the female sex cell, or gamete, made in the ovary and released every 28 days
What happens after the egg is released from the ovary?
It passes into the oviduct where it may meet sperm, which has entered the vagina during sexual intercourse (copulation).
What happens if the egg isn’t fertilised?
The egg will die after about a day and pass out of the vagina.
What are the two types of reproduction?
Asexual and sexual reproduction.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. The offspring have identical genes to the parent - a clone.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes. Because there are two parents, the offspring contains a mixture of their parents’ genes.
What is puberty?
Puberty is the process of a person as they approach sexual maturity and becomes capable of reproduction
What are some changes for women in puberty?
- Extra hair on underarms and pubic area
- Hips to widen
- Development of breasts
- Ovum (egg) release and start of periods
What are some changes for men in puberty?
- Extra hair on face and body
- Muscles to develop
- Penis and testicles to enlarge
- Sperm production
- Deepening of voice
What is adolescence?
It is the phase of life between childhood and adulthood.
What are the stages of human development in order?
1) Fertilised egg
2) Embryo
3) Foetus
4) Newborn baby
5) Toddler
6) Child
7) Adolescent
8) Adult
9) Elderly
10) Death
What happens on the 1st day of the Menstrual Cycle?
Bleeding starts as the lining of the uterus (womb) breaks down and passes out of the vagina - this is “having a period”.
What happens on the 4th day of the Menstrual Cycle?
The lining of the uterus starts to build up again. It thickens into a spongy layer full of blood vessels ready for implantation.
What happens on the 14th day of the Menstrual Cycle?
An egg is released from the ovaries of the female, so this is the most likely time in which a female may become pregnant.
What happens on the 28th day of the Menstrual Cycle?
The wall remains thick awaiting the arrival of a fertilised egg. If this doesn’t happen, this lining breaks down. Then the whole cycle repeats.
What is the Menstrual Cycle?
From the age of puberty, females undergo a monthly sequence of events which is known as the Menstrual Cycle.
What does the Menstrual Cycle involve?
This involves the body preparing for the uterus in case it receives a fertilised egg.
What happens if the egg is not fertilised?
If this doesn’t happen, the egg and uterus lining break down and are lost from the body through the vagina over a period of three to four days, usually.
What is ovulation?
An egg is released from an ovary, around 14.
What is copulation?
Millions of sperm are released from the penis into the vagina during intercourse.
What is fertilisation?
The egg is fertilised when the nuclei of the egg and sperm join; the fertilised egg is now called a zygote.
What is cell division?
24 hours after fertilisation, the fertilised egg divides into two. After 4 days the egg has divided into 32 cells; it’s now called an embryo.
What is implantation?
About a week after fertilisation, the embryo starts to embed itself into the wall of the uterus and the placenta begins to develop.
What happens after 1 month during development?
The embryo is 6mm long and has a brain, heart, eyes, ears, and legs.
What happens after 9 weeks during development?
The body is about 25mm long and is completely formed, now it’s called a foetus.
What happens after 3 months during development?
The foetus is 54 mm long and looks much more like a baby.
What happens after 5 months during development?
The foetus is around 160mm long. It kicks and its finger nails can be felt.
What happens after 7 months during development?
The foetus is 370mm long and is ‘viable’, it would have a fair chance of surviving if it were born at this stage.
What happens after 39 weeks during development?
The baby is about 520mm long; it’s fully developed and ready to be born.
What does the placenta do?
The placenta lets the blood of the foetus and mother get very close to allow the exchange of food, oxygen, and wastes.
What does the amniotic fluid do?
The amniotic fluid gives protection to the baby against knocks and bumps.
What does the umbilical cord do?
The umbilical cord is a tube that connects you to your baby during pregnancy. It connects your baby to the placenta.
