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CE - Biology > Plants and Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Plants and Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 4 minerals needed for plant growth and how do they enter?

A

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. The get dissolved in soil water and enter the roots via osmosis.

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2
Q

What is germination?

A

Germination is the process by which a plant grows from a seed.

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3
Q

What 3 factors are required for germination?

A

Warmth, oxygen, and moisture.

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4
Q

What are the 5 stages of germination?

A

1) Water fills the seed (imbibition)
2) The water activates enzymes that begin the plant’s growth
3) The seed grows a root to access water underground
4) The seed grows shoots that grow towards the sun
5) The shoots grow leaves and begin photomorphogenesis

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5
Q

What is the main difference between a shoot and a root?

A

Shoots are parts of the plant that grow above the ground, whereas roots are parts of the plant that grow below the ground.

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6
Q

What are the parts of plants?

A

Stamen (Male Parts of a Plant):
- Anther
- Filament

Carpel (Female Parts of a Plant):
- Stigma
- Style
- Ovary

  • Petals
  • Sepals
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7
Q

What does the anther do?

A

It produces male sex cells contained in the pollen grain.

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8
Q

What does the filament do?

A

It holds up the anther.

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9
Q

What does the stigma do?

A

It traps pollen.

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10
Q

What does the style do?

A

It is where the pollen tube grows down to female sex cells.

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11
Q

What does the ovary do?

A

It produces female sex cells.

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12
Q

What is pollination?

A

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma. Pollen can be transferred by an animal or by the wind.

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13
Q

What is fertilisation (in plants)?

A

Fertilisation is the joining of sex cells. It takes place inside the ovary when the nucleus of pollen grains fuses with the nucleus of an ovule to produce a zygote.

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14
Q

What is a seed and what is seed formation?

A

A seed is a mature fertilised ovule of a plant. Seed formation is when a seed is formed.

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15
Q

What is seed dispersal?

A

Seed dispersal is the transport of seeds from the plant to another area in order to grow.

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16
Q

What are the 4 main ways of seed dispersal?

A
  • Animal dispersal
  • Wind dispersal
  • Explosions
  • Drop and Roll
17
Q

What is animal dispersal?

A

It is when fruits get eaten and seeds come out of the animal’s droppings.

18
Q

What is wind dispersal?

A

It is when wings help it fly away from the parent tree.

19
Q

What is explosions?

A

It is when pods dry out and flick the seed out.

20
Q

What is drop and roll?

A

It is when a fruit falls from a tree and seeds roll out.

21
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is a chemical process which occurs in every green plant, it makes food from sunlight, but mainly in the leaves.

22
Q

What is the word and chemical equation for photosynthesis? What are the reactants and what are the products of photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water ==> glucose + oxygen (sunlight and chlorophyll are needed for photosynthesis)
6C02 + 6H20 ==> C6H1206 + 602
REACTANTS ==> PRODUCTS

23
Q

What is chlorophyll and what does it do?

A
  • Chlorophyll is a green chemical found within chloroplasts in cells exposed to light.
  • It absorbs the light energy required to convert carbon dioxide into glucose
24
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplast, which is located mainly at the top of a leaf, where it requires the most light energy possible.

25
Q

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

A

Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis as:

  • they are are broad, and have a large surface area for absorbing light
  • most chloroplasts are found in cells at the top of the leaf, where they can get the most light
  • contain openings, called stomata, which allow carbon dioxide into the leaf and oxygen out
26
Q

What are 3 limiting factors for photosynthesis?

A

Temperature, Light Intensity, and Carbon Dioxide Concentration

27
Q

What is self-pollination?

A

Self-pollination is pollen that is transferred from the anther to the stigma on the same plant.

28
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

Cross-pollination is pollen that is transferred from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another.

29
Q

What are the two types of cross-pollination?

A

Insect and wind pollination

30
Q

What characteristics do plants have if they’re insect pollinated?

A
  • They have brightly coloured petals
  • They have scented flowers and nectaries
  • They make big, sticky pollen grains
  • The stigma is sticky so will pick up pollen
31
Q

What characteristics do plants have if they’re wind pollinated?

A
  • Small, dull petals on the flower
  • No nectaries or strong scents
  • A lot of pollen grains
  • Long filaments that hang the anther outside the flower
  • A large and feathery stigma

CE - Biology (12 decks)

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