Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the Cell Wall?
Gives support to the cell
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what enters and exits the cell
What is the function of Mitochondria?
Carries out most of the reactions for aerobic respiration and releases energy for the cell
What is the function of Chloroplast?
Makes food for the plant by photosynthesis
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Control centre of the cell and contains the cell DNA
What is the function of Ribosome?
Collects amino acids to make proteins.
What is the function of the Vacuole?
Helps maintain water balance
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
Where most chemical reactions take place
What is a Sperm Cell and how is it adapted to its function?
Male sex cell
Made in the testes
Join with an egg cell during fertilisation to form an embryo
Tail to move towards egg cell
Many mitochondria for energy to move
Produced in large numbers to increase chance of fertilisation
What is a Egg Cell and how is it adapted to its function?
Female sex cell
Made in ovaries before birth
Released around once a month during the menstrual cycle
Join with a sperm cell during fertilisation to from an embryo
Egg’s cytoplasm contains nutrients for growth of embryo
Cell membrane changes after fertilisation by one sperm so no other sperms can enter
What is a Nerve Cell and how is it adapted to its function?
Transmit electrical signals in nervous system
Thin and long, so can carry messages around body quickly
Branched connections at each end, which join with other nerve cells to allow them to pass messages around entire body
Have a myelin sheath that increases speed
What is a Muscle Cell and how is it adapted to its function?
Found in bundles which make up muscles.
Able to contract (shorten) and relax (lengthen).
Different types, all adapted to its function
Cardiac (heart) muscle cells contract and relax to pump blood around our body for our entire life, and never tire.
Skeletal muscle is joined to bones, and contracting and relaxing make our bones and joints move
What is a Red Blood Cell and how is it adapted to its function?
Carries oxygen around the body in the bloodstream.
No nucleus, so extra space for oxygen.
Contains haemoglobin, which carry oxygen particles.
Flat disk shape, large surface area for absorbing as much oxygen as possible.
What acronym can you use to remember the 7 life processes?
Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition
What is Movement?
To move
What is Reproduction?
To make similar types of organisms
What is Sensitivity?
To detect changes in the world around [it]
What is Growth?
To grow
What is Respiration?
To release energy
What is Excretion?
To release waste products
What is Nutrition?
To get or make food
What is the difference between Unicellular and Multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell, whereas multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.
Give an example of a Multicellular organism.
Plants
How are Cells organised?
A group of SIMILAR CELLS come together to make a TISSUE.
A group of of DIFFERENT TISSUES work together to make an ORGAN
A GROUP OF ORGANS work together to make an ORGAN SYSTEM.
A multicellular ORGANISM is usually made up of SEVERAL ORGAN SYSTEMS.
Give an example of Cell Organisation.
- Palisade cells
- Palisade tissue
- A leaf
- The shoot system
- A full plant
What is Diffusion and where does it take place in a Cell?
Diffusion is the process in which materials, both waste and needed, move into and out of cells. It takes place in the cytoplasm. Diffusion is where a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
