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CE - Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

A

Gives support to the cell

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2
Q

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

A

Holds the cell together and controls what enters and exits the cell

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3
Q

What is the function of Mitochondria?

A

Carries out most of the reactions for aerobic respiration and releases energy for the cell

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4
Q

What is the function of Chloroplast?

A

Makes food for the plant by photosynthesis

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5
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A

Control centre of the cell and contains the cell DNA

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6
Q

What is the function of Ribosome?

A

Collects amino acids to make proteins.

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7
Q

What is the function of the Vacuole?

A

Helps maintain water balance

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8
Q

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

A

Where most chemical reactions take place

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9
Q

What is a Sperm Cell and how is it adapted to its function?

A

Male sex cell
Made in the testes
Join with an egg cell during fertilisation to form an embryo

Tail to move towards egg cell
Many mitochondria for energy to move
Produced in large numbers to increase chance of fertilisation

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10
Q

What is a Egg Cell and how is it adapted to its function?

A

Female sex cell
Made in ovaries before birth
Released around once a month during the menstrual cycle
Join with a sperm cell during fertilisation to from an embryo

Egg’s cytoplasm contains nutrients for growth of embryo
Cell membrane changes after fertilisation by one sperm so no other sperms can enter

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11
Q

What is a Nerve Cell and how is it adapted to its function?

A

Transmit electrical signals in nervous system

Thin and long, so can carry messages around body quickly
Branched connections at each end, which join with other nerve cells to allow them to pass messages around entire body
Have a myelin sheath that increases speed

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12
Q

What is a Muscle Cell and how is it adapted to its function?

A

Found in bundles which make up muscles.
Able to contract (shorten) and relax (lengthen).
Different types, all adapted to its function

Cardiac (heart) muscle cells contract and relax to pump blood around our body for our entire life, and never tire.
Skeletal muscle is joined to bones, and contracting and relaxing make our bones and joints move

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13
Q

What is a Red Blood Cell and how is it adapted to its function?

A

Carries oxygen around the body in the bloodstream.

No nucleus, so extra space for oxygen.
Contains haemoglobin, which carry oxygen particles.
Flat disk shape, large surface area for absorbing as much oxygen as possible.

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14
Q

What acronym can you use to remember the 7 life processes?

A

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity

Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

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15
Q

What is Movement?

A

To move

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16
Q

What is Reproduction?

A

To make similar types of organisms

17
Q

What is Sensitivity?

A

To detect changes in the world around [it]

18
Q

What is Growth?

A

To grow

19
Q

What is Respiration?

A

To release energy

20
Q

What is Excretion?

A

To release waste products

21
Q

What is Nutrition?

A

To get or make food

22
Q

What is the difference between Unicellular and Multicellular organisms?

A

Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell, whereas multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.

23
Q

Give an example of a Multicellular organism.

A

Plants

24
Q

How are Cells organised?

A

A group of SIMILAR CELLS come together to make a TISSUE.

A group of of DIFFERENT TISSUES work together to make an ORGAN

A GROUP OF ORGANS work together to make an ORGAN SYSTEM.

A multicellular ORGANISM is usually made up of SEVERAL ORGAN SYSTEMS.

24
Q

Give an example of Cell Organisation.

A
  • Palisade cells
  • Palisade tissue
  • A leaf
  • The shoot system
  • A full plant
25
Q

What is Diffusion and where does it take place in a Cell?

A

Diffusion is the process in which materials, both waste and needed, move into and out of cells. It takes place in the cytoplasm. Diffusion is where a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

CE - Biology (12 decks)

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