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Physio Final > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is sperm formation called?

A

Spermatogenesis

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2
Q

What is ova formation called?

A

Oogenesis

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3
Q

What codes for male?

A

SRY gene on short arm of Y chormosome–>TDF

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4
Q

What substances are released to cause testes formation?

A

Sertoli cells secrete Mullerian inhibiting substance

Interstitial cells of Leydig secrete progesterone–>increases Wolffian duct

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5
Q

Where do sperm develop?

A

In the germinal cells of the seminiferous tubules?

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6
Q

Path of sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules–>rete testis –>efferent ductules (epididymis) –>vas deferens

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7
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

Joins with ejaculatory duct with urethra

Secretes alkaline fluid rich in fructose & proteins to promote semen clotting

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8
Q

Prostate gland

A

Secretes citrate for sperm energy

Prostate specific antigen- breakdown clotted semen & free sperm in reproductive tract

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9
Q

Bulborethral gland

A

secretes, sticky lubricant

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10
Q

Epididymis

A

Needed for sperm maturation & storage

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11
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Nurses spermatagonia

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12
Q

Which is spermatocyte is longer lived?

A

Primary spermatocyte (46)

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13
Q

Spermagenesis

A 
Spermatogonia (46)
Primary Spermatocyte (46)
Secondary spermatocyte (23)
creates 4 Spermatid (23)
Spermatozoa (23)
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14
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Maturation of spermatid into spermatozoa

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15
Q

Where do gonadotropins come from?

A

Anterior pituitary/Acidophile

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16
Q

Effect of gonadotropins

A

Stimulate spermatogenesis/oogenesis
Stimulate gonadal hormone secretion
Maintain gonads

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17
Q

What does FSH stimulate?

A

Sertoli cells to stimulate spermatogenesis

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18
Q

What does LH/ICSH stimulate?

A

Interstital cells of Leydig to produce androgens

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19
Q

What negative feedback can testosterone have?

A

Inhibit release of gonadotropic releasing hormone & LH/ICTH

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20
Q

What negative feedback do Sertoli cells have?

A

Create inhibin to feedback to anterior pituitary & suppress FSH stimulation to semiferioius tubules

21
Q

Puberty caused by?

A

Increase of LH/ICSH

22
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation stimulates what in male sexual response?

A

Erection

23
Q

Sympathetic stimulation causes what in male sexual response?

A

Ejaculation

24
Q

What is the mechanism of erection?

A
  1. )Parasympathetic nervous system releases NO
  2. )NO activates GTP–>cGMP by activating guanylate cyclase
  3. )cGMP closes Ca2+ channels of smooth muscle & cells relax
25
Q

Effect of Viagra?

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase that would break down cGMP

26
Q

Erectile tissue in penis

A

2 Dorsal corpus cavernosa- more engorged

1 Ventral corpus spongiosum- more elastic, rigid- around urethra

27
Q

How many eggs released over reproductive lifetime?

A

400

Oogonia doesnt undergo mitosis

28
Q

Where is the egg fertilized in the tract?

A

Ampulla region of oviduct

29
Q

Layers of uterus

A

Inner layer-endometrium
Muscular layer-myometrium
Outside- perimetrium

30
Q

What attaches ovary to abdominal wall?

A

Round ligament & broad ligament

31
Q

Where are ovarian follicles contained?

A

Ovary cortex

32
Q

Sequence of follicle development?

A

Primordial follicle–>primary follicle –>secondary follicle (liquor folliculi in antral cavity)

33
Q

Parts of graafian follicle w/ secondary oocyte

A

Corona radiata-layer of cells
Zona pellucida-non-cellular basement membrane
Cumulus oophorous- pedestal

34
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Nutrients & transport for oocytes
Secrete Estrogen & FSH
Release inhibin to down regulate FSH

35
Q

Theca cells

A

Androgens converted by granulosa cells into estrogen

Contain aromatase

36
Q

Phases of oogenesis

A

Oogonia (2n)–>Primary oocyte (2n) first meiotic division, second meiotic division - stops until puberty –>Secondary oocyte (n)–>2nd meiotic division not complete till after fertilization

37
Q

What changes to cells outside follicle

A

Squamous–>cuboidal (granulosa cells)

38
Q

Uterus lining phases

A

1-3 menustration
4-14 proliferative
14-28 secretory phase- more vascular, hormonal- accomodate needs of embryo

39
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

FSH higher during primordial follicle during menustration
LH surge during ovulation
Larger follicle=more estrogen, impacts LH

40
Q

What things happen during the LH surge?

A

Ovulation bc of LH
Rising estrogen causes LH surge
Estrogen (from follicle) promotes growth of endometrial lining

41
Q

What does the follicle produce?

A

Estrogen & Progesterone

42
Q

Effect of Progesterone?

A

Prevents other follicles from developing & more ovulation to occur & maintains endometrial lining until implantation

43
Q

Where do FSH & LH come from?

A

anterior pituitary

44
Q

Where does estrogen & progesterone come from?

A

Ovaries

45
Q

What 2 things happen when anterior pituitary secrete FSH & LH

A

Estrogen increase

FSH stimulates follicle growth

46
Q

Where do estradiol & progesterone feedback during the end of the secretory phase?

A

Hypothalamus to decrease FSH & LH

47
Q

What kinds of feedback are in these cycles?

A

Positive & Negative

48
Q

Once the negative feedback of estrogen & progesterone goes down, what happens?

A

Decreased negative feedback to stimulate Hypothalamus to secrete GnRH

Physio Final (10 decks)

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