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Physio Final > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism Cycle:

A 
Glycogen (Glycogen Phosphorylase)
Glucose (Hexokinase)
Glucose 6-Phosphate
Pyruvic acid (Pyruvate dehydrogenase)
Acetyl CoA
Krebs
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2
Q

How much more ATP can be made using Krebs than just glycolysis?

A

19x more

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3
Q

Glycogen sparing effect

A

Free fatty acids, with a higher concentration of energy- can be used by the brain instead of carb if elevated for a period of time

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4
Q

What do free fatty acids bind to in blood?

A

Albumin (3 binding sites)

Keeps concentration low so more can bind

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5
Q

Examples of positive feedback

A

Estrogen & LH
Clotting factors
Oxytocin & parturition of smooth muscles

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated
Multinucleated
Voluntary

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7
Q

Cardiac Muscles

A

Striated, branched
Unineucleated
Gap junctions
Involuntary

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8
Q

Smooth Muscle

A 
Smooth
Uninucleated
Gap junctions
No overlapping myofilaments
Involuntary
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9
Q

How much of body weight is water?

A

60% (42L)

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10
Q

How much of water is intracellular fluid?

A

2/3

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11
Q

How much of water in extracellular 1/3 is interstitial fluid?

A

80% (other 20% for plasma)

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12
Q

Where is glycogen phosphorylase located?

A

Liver

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13
Q

pKa of bicarbonate:

A

pH 6-8

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14
Q

When pKa=pH

A

max buffering capacity

50% acid, 50% neutral

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15
Q

Integrin

A

Glycoprotein extension from cytoskeleton outside cell into matrix joining other cells

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16
Q

Desmosome

A

Spot weld

17
Q

Tight junction

A

(Intestine) goes all the way around cells at apical surfaces to force things to move transcellularly

18
Q

Fick’s Principle

A 
Rate of diffusion depends on:
Concentration gradient
Membrane Permeability
Surface Area
Molecule Size
Diffusion Distance
Temperature
19
Q

What is needed for osmosis?

A

Concentration gradient

Non-penetrating solute

20
Q

Osmolality of blood when filtered through the glomerulus?

A

300 mOsm

21
Q

How much of resting metabolic rate is due to ATP replenishing?

A

60%

22
Q

Na+/K+ pump

A

3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in

23
Q

What causes glucose uptake?

A

Exercise or insulin secretions

Requires ATP

24
Q

How is glucose transported into the kidney nephron lumen & intestinal lumen?

A

Na+ actively pumped out of the cell into lumen by Na+/K+ pump
Na+ flows back down its concentration gradient & into the cell & cotransporting glucose out (Secondary active transport)

25
Q

Example of primary active transport?

A

Calcium

26
Q

How is glucose moved between cells?

A

Facilitated diffusion
Saturation & competition kinetics
Transport maximum

Physio Final (10 decks)

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