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Physio Final > Metabolims > Flashcards

Metabolims Flashcards

1
Q

How much of diet is carbs?

A

48-50%

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2
Q

How much diet is protein?

A

15-16%

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3
Q

How much diet is fat?

A

32-33%

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4
Q

Makeup of carbs?

A

50-60% plant starches

30-40% disaccharides

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5
Q

Makeup of protein?

A

70-100 mg diet

35-200 g endogenous proteins utilized

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6
Q

Makeup of fat?

A

90% from triglycerides

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7
Q

Stomach digestion includes?

A

Pepsin, acid, lipases

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8
Q

How much lipid is digested from sublingual & gastric lipases?

A

15%

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9
Q

How efficient are we at using energy provided from food?

A

25%

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10
Q

How much of resting metabolic rate is used to maintain Na+/K+ pumps?

A

60%

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11
Q

What kind of calorimetry is Lavoisier

A

Direct

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12
Q

Atwater-Rosa Calorimetry

A

Manometer measures how much CO2 was taken out of filtered air & how much O2 must be put in (=O2 absorption rate)

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13
Q

Higher metabolic rate leads to what in one-way spirometry?

A

Faster decrease in O2 volume, quicker decline

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14
Q

Formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

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15
Q

Amount of calories per liter O2 carbs

A

5.0 kcal/l O2

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16
Q

Amount of calories per liter O2 fat?

A

4.7 kcal/l O2

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17
Q

RER fat?

A

0.71 (55/78)

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18
Q

RER carbs?

A

1.0

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19
Q

formula for TAG

A

C55H104O6

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20
Q

% Calories from Carbs equation

A

RQ- 0.71/0.29

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21
Q

0.82 RER

A

Between meals (38%) calories from CHO

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22
Q

0.85 RER

A

Right after meal (48%) calories from CHO

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23
Q

0.90

A

High work intensity (65%)

from CHO

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24
Q

1.0

A

Highest anaerobic work intensity (100% ) from CHO

25
Graph for exercise intensity & RER
RER v. Time
26
What causes the maniac speed to go above 1?
Blowing off excess CO2
27
Basal Metabolic Rate
Lowest rate of metabolism/caloric expenditure the body has under complete resting conditions
28
What is BMR not?
Not minimal functional activity of the body- energy exchange is 10% lower during sleep
29
What affects BMR?
Body size- in terms of kcal/weight not kcal/weight Sex- Women has 6-10% lower BMR Age Food intake
30
Specific Dynamic Action
Heat ingestion that causes BMR to increases above BMR
31
What is the alactacid debt used for?
Rapidly replenish ATP, phosphagen, myoglobin & hemoglobin O2
32
What is the lactacid debt used for?
Greater O2 uptakes is needed to get rid of metabolic intermediates that filled during the exercise (such as lactic acid)- used up or restored
33
Which debt is the slow component?
Lactacid debt
34
What can VO2 max be used to measure?
Aerobic fitness | higher for less fit, lower for more fit bc of more mitochondria
35
What is the greatest stimulus for greater O2 intake?
ADP (turn on oxidative phosphorylation
36
What would an increase in lactic acid intermediate do to RER?
Cause more of a need of bicarbonate, less CO2 blown off, RER goes down-->more aerobic exercise
37
What does aerobic fitness/VO2 max come from?
50% efficiency increase in cardiovascular system | 50% from increased number & size of mitochondria (more mito, can work not as hard)
38
What is the effect of epinephrine in high exercise state?
Adrenergic effect of increasing muscle glycogen use & begin to use liver glycogen Glycogen sparing effect
39
Teleological reason why there would not be a glycogen sparing effect?
Wouldn't want to run out of muscle glycogen when running away from fox
40
What is the lactacid debt?
Increased O2 being used t create energy in order to get rid of intermediates
41
What is the value when intensity of exercise is increased, but VO2 max doesnt increase?
VO2 max
42
What 2 things cause increase in VO2 max?
-Efficiency of cardiovascular system (increase metabolic machinery) -Increased number & size of mitochondria (metabolic machinery) Training increases this- more aerobic
43
Resting heart rate?
72 bpm
44
About how long does it take to get to steady state after starting exercise?
1-2 minutes
45
Resting ventilatory rate?
12 resp/minute
46
Primary driving force for ventilatory rate?
pCO2-->H+ ions in brain | Except during exercise?
47
What causes systolic pressure to go up during exercise?
Cardiac rate up-->venous return up bc of muscle contractions -->cardiac output up-->arterial blood pressure up
48
What causes diastolic BP to go down during exercise?
Working skeletal muscles blood vessels vasodilate (skeletal muscle pump) drops diastolic BP
49
What happens to mean arterial pressure during exercise?
Flatter line
50
What is the rate limiting resource during low intensity, long time period exercise?
Blood glucose
51
Primary rate limiting resource during moderate intensity, moderate time exercise(75% of max VO2)?
Depletion of muscle glycogen
52
Primary rate limiting resource during high intensity, short exercise?
lactic acid buildup causes dissociation under body pH into free H+ ions & free hydrogen ions bind directly to myosin Action potential crosses nerve/muscle membrane (sodium in, K+ out)
53
What would cause diastolic blood pressure to go up?
Atherosclerosis(Arteriosclerosis)- can't squeeze as much out of the artery
54
What is the driving force of the blood flow?
Blood pressure
55
What happens to a muscle as you change speeds over a long term exercise?
Glycogen phosphorylase gets turned off an on again, causes the glycogen to be used up faster
56
What energy source is used for a low moderate exercise?
Liver glycogen- glycogen sparing effect of muscle glycogen
57
What energy source is used during high intensity exercise?
Muscle glycogen because of high epinephrine levels to keep glycogen phosphorylase turned on by sympathetic stimulation
58
What role does muscle glycogen play in exercise?
Protective effect- Can't breakdown muscle glycogen if exercise contractions are constant No phosphatase like the liver so that glycogen could come out of the muscle
59
Another reason why high intensity exercise causes fatigue?
Nerve action potential causes Na+ in & K+ out into extracellular fluid within the small T tubule --> causes depolarization, but repolarization can't happen bc of K+ out can't come back in & repolarize under high intensity exercise

Physio Final (10 decks)

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