Reproduction

Question 1

What are the two types of reproduction

Answer 1

Sexual and asexual
meiosis and mitosis

Question 2

Examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Yeast
Bacteria
Spider plants

Question 3

3 examples of sexual reproduction:

Answer 3

Mammals
Amphibians
Plants / flowers

Question 3

Three key points of Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

.Involves only one parent so no fusion of gametes
.Offspring produced via binary fission
.Offspring are genetically identical
.The genetically identical offspring are called clones

Question 3

Where is mitosis (asexual) reproduction seen?

Answer 3

Larger plants, fungi, human and animal cells for growth and repair

Question 4

2 Key points of sexual reproduction

Answer 4

.Involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
.It produces genetically different offspring

Question 5

Why is there genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

Answer 5

.As gametes are produced from the parental cells by different characteristics
.When gametes fuse one pair of chromosomes comes from each parent
.This results in the offspring having a mixture of genetic information from the parents

Question 6

What are the gametes in plants?

Answer 6

Egg cells and pollen

Question 7

Where is the only place that meiosis can occur?

Answer 7

In the sex organs (testes and ovaries)

Question 8

Meiosis is also called also called ? division as the number of chromosomes ?

Answer 8

Meiosis is also called also called reduction division as the number of chromosomes half

Question 9

What are the four stages of meiosis?

Answer 9

1. Parental cells are in the sex organs (gonads)
   2.DNA is replicated-Each chromosomes forms a pair of chromatids
   3.Cells divide for the first time- producing two identical daughter cells
   4.Cells divide for a second time - forming four gametes each with a single set of chromosomes

Question 10

What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 10

Advantages:
.It produces genetic variation in the offspring
.If the environment changes, this variation gives a survival advantage- as some of the offspring will be able to survive and reproduce
.This is called natural selection

Disadvantages:
.Two parents or at least two gametes are needed- this takes time and energy to find a mate or spread gametes
.It is slower than asexual reproduction

Question 11

Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

Advantages:
.Faster, rapidly producing large numbers of genetically identical offspring - this is an advantage in favourable conditions
.Only one parent needed which is time and energy efficient - no need to find a mate or spread gametes

Disadvantages:
.Genetically identical offspring is a disadvantage in changing conditions - as if one organism can’t survive none can

Question 12

5 stages of asexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 12

1. spores are dispersed
   2.Each hyphae only contains one nuclei and one set of chromosomes
2. Spores germinate
   4.Mitosis occurs
   5.Cycle repeats

Question 13

6 stages of sexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 13

1. Spores are dispersed
2. Each hyphae only contains one nuclei and one set of chromosomes
   3.Hyphae from two different fungi grow together and the nuclei fuse- this means it has two sets of chromosomes producing a zygote
   4.Meiosis
   5.Spores have a single set of chromosomes
   6.Spores germinate to form a new fungi

Question 14

What is the main type of reproduction in fungi?

Answer 14

Asexual reproduction- toadstools and puffballs are the fruiting bodies full of spores

Question 15

What are moulds made from and how are they produced?

Answer 15

Moulds are formed from a mass of thread like hyphae- the nucleus contains only one set of chromosomes
.Fungal spores are produced via mitosis- so they are all genetically identical

Question 16

In asexual reproduction of plants what are plants called when they are formed on the end of specialised stems? Give two examples

Answer 16

New plants that form on the end of specialised stems are called runners
Examples:
Spider plants
Strawberry plants

Question 17

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 17

Advantages:
New plants are formed even if the flowers are destroyed by frost, eaten or fail to be pollinated

Disadvantages:
New plants are genetically identical to the parent plant- this means if conditions are unfavourable that the entire pollution could die as there is resistance from genetic variation

Question 18

Which part of plants are the sexual organs?

Answer 18

The flowers contain the sexual organs

Question 19

How do the gametes fuse and produce a zygote in plants?

Answer 19

.The pollen from one flower must reach the female parts of another flower- this process is called pollination
.Once the pollen has fused with egg cells, seeds are produced

Question 20

Why do plants produce seeds?

Answer 20

As seeds allow plants to produce genetic variation as conditions change through natural selections

Question 21

How are flowers adapted for reproduction?

Answer 21

They are adapted to either attract animal pollinators or wind pollinated