Digestion system

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

The breakdown of insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules. That can be assimilated and used,

Question 2

What’s mechanical digestion?

Answer 2

Examples: Teeth and peristalsis
Muscular movements pushing food along the oesophagus into the stomach.

Question 3

What’s villi and what do they do?

Answer 3

They provided the intestine with a large surface area.
This means more food can be absorbed into the blood stream.
Villi have a good blood supply

Question 4

What are the three stages of digestion?

Answer 4

1) Mechanical digestion
2) Saliva is added
3) Peristalsis moves food down the oesophagus

Question 5

3 types of enzyme?

Answer 5

protease
lipase
Amylase

Question 6

What are gastric juices made of?

Answer 6

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Question 7

What’s pepsin?

Answer 7

An enzyme that breaks down protiens

Question 8

What’s an example of a helping enzyme?

Answer 8

Bile

Question 9

what’s bile?

Answer 9

A substance produced by the gallbladder that breaks down lipids (fats) into small droplets.

Question 10

What’s the process of breaking down lipids into droplets called?

Answer 10

emulsification

Question 11

What do salivary glands do?

Answer 11

Produces saliva
Moistens up food and contains enzymes

Question 12

What does the oesophagus do and what is it?

Answer 12

They are made of muscular walls
Moves food to stomach

Question 13

3 features of the stomach

Answer 13

Produces enzymes
produces hydrochloric acid
Strong muscular walls

Question 14

What does the stomach do?

Answer 14

Mixes food
kills harmful microbes
Provides optimum PH
Digests food

Question 15

What does the liver do?

Answer 15

Produces bile
Bile neutralises stomach acid
Stores carbohydrates (as glycogen)
Emulsifies fats

Question 16

What is the gall bladder?

Answer 16

Small bag-like structure
stores bile

Question 17

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 17

Produces enzymes that help digest food in the small intestine

Question 18

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 18

Produces enzymes
Digests food
Absorbs soluble food

Question 19

Features of the small intestine

Answer 19

Large surface area
It contains villi and microvilli

Question 20

Features of the large intestine

Answer 20

Has specilised cells to absorb fluid

Question 21

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 21

Absorbs water
Solidifies waste

Question 22

Where is amylase found?

Answer 22

The salivary glands

Question 23

What does amylase do?

Answer 23

Breaks down starch into glucose (sugars)

Question 24

What does lipase do?

Answer 24

Breaks down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 25

What does protease do?

Answer 25

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 26

Where is protease found?

Answer 26

Stomach (gastric acids)
Pancreases
Wall of ileum

Question 27

Where is amylase found?

Answer 27

Salivary glands
Small intestine
Pancreas

Question 28

Where is lipase found?

Answer 28

Pancrease

Question 29

Functions of the mouth

Answer 29

Begins digestion of carbohydrates
Mechanical digestion

Question 30

Functions of the stomach

Answer 30

Begins digestion of small molecules
Example: Alcohol is absorbed

Question 31

In an enzyme required practical what’s the dependant variable?

Answer 31

Time taken to stop changing colour

Question 32

Functions of the small intestine

Answer 32

Continues digestion of carbohydrates and proteins
Begins digestion of lipids

Question 33

In an enzyme required practical what’s the control variables?

Answer 33

Temperature
Concentration of starch
Volume of buffer
Volume of amylase
Concentration of amylase