Heart and circulatory system Flashcards
What are blood vessles?
Tubes that carry blood around the body
How many types of blood vessels are there?
Three
What do veins do?
Carry blood back INTO the heart
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What do capillaries do?
Carries blood to and from the bodies cells
What is double closed circulation?
Blood goes through the heart twice per circuit
1)To the lungs to pick up oxygen
2) Back to the heart for a pressure boost
What’s an electrical pacemaker?
A medical device that generates electrical pulses to one or more of the chambers of the heart.
They can also help someone’s heart beat in sync
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
What do valves do?
Prevent back flow
Where are valves found?
In the veins
What’s osmosis
The net movement of particles across a semi permeable membrane
What’s haemoglobin?
A red protein found in red blood cells that carry oxygen
Where are pacemaker cells found
The right atrium
What do pacemaker cells do?
Control the rhythm of the heart
What is an open circulation system?
NO blood vessels, blood just flows slowly around the body cavity
What is a closed circulation system?
The blood flows in blood vessels
Examples of open systems?
Fish, insects
Are open systems double or singular circulation?
singular
Examples of a double system
Humans
What is a double system?
The blood flows in two circuits
What are the benefits of double circulation?
1) The right ventricle isn’t as thick as the left ventricle
2) This means blood is being pumped at a lower pressure to the lungs, this maximises gas exchange
3) Left ventricle is stronger so pumps blood further
What’s gas exchange?
The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the blood stream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide to the lungs and out the body
Where does gas exchange take place?
Alveoli
what is oxygenated blood?
Blood travelling to the body cells
Features of oxygenated blood
High oxygen content
Low carbon dioxide content
What is deoxygenated blood?
Blood travelling away from the bodies cells
Features of deoxygenated blood
Low oxygen content
High content of carbon dioxide
Why are these blood types separated?
To maximise efficiency
How many stages are there in a heart beat?
Three
What is stage 1 of a heart beat?
It begins with the heart relaxed and the valves closed
Blood flows into the two atria and fill with blood
What is stage 2 of a heart beat?
Atria contract and squeeze the blood this causes the valves to open
Blood flows from the atria into the ventricles
The valves between the atrium and ventricles close
This prevents backflow
What is stage 3 of a heart beat?
The ventricles contract squeezing the blood again
The pressure opens the valves
Pushing the blood out the heart
What 2 supplies does the heart need?
Oxygen
glucose
