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General Biology II > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of asexual reproduction?

A
  • binary fission
  • budding
  • gemmulation
  • fragmentation
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2
Q

what organisms use binary fission?

A

protista

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3
Q

what organisms use budding?

A

hydra

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4
Q

what organisms use gemmulation?

A

porifera

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5
Q

what organisms use fragmentation?

A

porifera + sea anemone

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6
Q

what are the 3 disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A
  • males don’t reproduce
  • females pass on only half of genes
  • more complex, time + energy consuming
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7
Q

what is the one advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

increased variability/adaptability

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8
Q

what are the stages of spermatogenesis in order?

A

1) spermatogonium
2) primary spermatocyte
3) secondary spermatocyte
4) spermatid
5) spermatozoa

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9
Q

what is the ploidy of spermatogonium?

A

diploid

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10
Q

what is the ploidy of primary spermatocyte?

A

diploid

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11
Q

what is the ploidy of secondary spermatocyte?

A

haploid

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12
Q

what is the ploidy of spermatid?

A

haploid

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13
Q

what is the ploidy of spermatozoa?

A

haploid

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14
Q

what stage of spermatogenesis is associated with meiosis I?

A

primary spermatocyte

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15
Q

what stage of spermatogenesis is associated with meiosis II?

A

secondary spermatocyte

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16
Q

where in the human body does spermatogenesis occur?

A

in seminiferous tubules of testes

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17
Q

what are the stages of oogenesis in order?

A

1) oogonium
2) primary oocyte
3) secondary oocyte
4) ootid
5) ovum

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18
Q

what is the ploidy of oogonium?

A

diploid

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19
Q

what is the ploidy of primary oocyte?

A

diploid

20
Q

what is the ploidy of secondary oocyte?

A

haploid

21
Q

what is the ploidy of ootid?

A

haploid

22
Q

what is the ploidy of ovum?

A

haploid

23
Q

where does oogenesis occur in the human body?

A

in follicles of ovary

24
Q

In what stage of oogenesis does meiosis I occur?

A

primary oocyte

25
Q

In what stage of oogenesis does meiosis II occur?

A

secondary oocyte

26
Q

In what stage of oogenesis does polar body occur?

A

secondary oocyte

27
Q

For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the testes/seminiferous tubules?

A

sperm production

28
Q

For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the epididymis?

A

sperm maturation

29
Q

For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the vas deferens?

A

sperm storage + joins urethra

30
Q

For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the penis?

A

accomplishes internal fertilization

31
Q

For the male, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the seminal vesicles/prostate gland/bulbourethral glands?

A

energy for sperm (fructose) + counteracts female acidity + liquid medium for sperm

32
Q

what is semen?

A

sperm + glandular secretions

33
Q

For the female, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the ovary?

A

400,000 primary oocytes at puberty -> only about 400 will be ovulated

34
Q

For the female, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the oviduct/fallopian tubule/uterine tubule?

A
  • cilia propel egg
  • vagina receives sperm
  • fertilization occurs in fallopian tubule
35
Q

For the female, what sexual reproductive process occurs in the uterus?

A

nourishes implanted embryo

36
Q

Hypothalamus signals anterior pituitary to produce (day 1-3) what hormones?

A

FSH + LH + estrogen

37
Q

what is the role of FSH?

A

follicle maturation

38
Q

what is the role of LH?

A

estrogen from follicles

39
Q

what is the role of estrogen?

A

uterus prepared -> endometrial lining thickens

40
Q

A surge of _____ triggers ovulation.

A

LH

41
Q

Ruptured follicle becomes what?

A

corpus luteum

42
Q

what hormones does corpus luteum produce?

A

estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

What happens when fertilization occurs?

A
  • produces estrogen + progesterone
  • inhibits FSH and LH
  • placenta eventually produces estrogen and progesterone
44
Q

What happens when fertilization does not occurs?

A
  • Estrogen and progesterone decline + endometrium shrinks down = menstrual cycle
  • FSH and LH no longer inhibited -> cycle begins again
45
Q

How do birth control pills work with respect to the hormones involved?

A
  • estrogen + progesterone inhibit FSH + LH
  • inhibits follicle development and ovulation

General Biology II (16 decks)

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