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General Biology II > Ch.11 - Protozoan Groups > Flashcards

Ch.11 - Protozoan Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the taxonomic consideration of protista?

A

a kingdom

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2
Q

what does pseudopod mean?

A

small foot

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3
Q

what are the general characteristics of protozoan groups?

A

1) unicellular eukaryote
2) locomotion
3) nutrition
4) reproduction
5) encystment

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4
Q

what do paired microtubules in flagellum or cilia do?

A

slide past one another, thus bending the filament

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5
Q

which is longer, cilia or flagellum?

A

flagellum

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6
Q

what has the function of locomotion?

A

pseudopod, cilia, and flagellum

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7
Q

what categories are in nutrition?

A

heterotroph, autotroph, or both

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8
Q

what are phagotrophs?

A

solid food

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9
Q

what are osmotrophs?

A

liquid food

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10
Q

what are the asexual ways of reproduction?

A

budding, binary fission, schizogony (multiple fission)

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11
Q

what is budding?

A

fission of smaller cell from larger

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12
Q

what is binary fission?

A

fission into two equal-sized cells

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13
Q

what is schizogony?

A

nucleus divides several times, then fission produces several cells

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14
Q

what is conjugation?

A

two cells pair, exchange gametic nuclei -> genetic variation increases

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15
Q

what happens in encystment?

A

hard cover forms and metabolism slows

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16
Q

how long does dormancy last in encystment?

A

until harsh conditions pass

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17
Q

what 4 phylum have pseudopods?

A

amoebozoa, foraminifera, radiolaria, stramenopiles

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18
Q

what are the types of pseudopodia?

A

lobopodia, reticulopodia, axopodia and filopodia

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19
Q

what is lobopodia?

A

broad lobe

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20
Q

what is reticulopodia?

A

branch and rejoin

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21
Q

what are axopodia and filopodia?

A

thin, radiate out

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22
Q

what is the locomotion of phylum amoebozoa?

A

lobopodia

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23
Q

what is the nutrition of phylum amoebozoa?

A

heterotroph

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24
Q

what is entamoeba?

A

amebic dysentary

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25
Q

what do all foraminifera have?

A

shells (aka tests) made of calcium

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26
Q

what is the nutrition of reticulopodia?

A

catch prey on ocean bottom (benthic)

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27
Q

what do all phylum radiolaria have?

A

silica tests (shells)

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28
Q

What is the nutrition of phylum radiolaria?

A

axopodia or filopodia catch prey as they float in the ocean (pelagic)

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29
Q

what phylum is actinosphaerium a part of?

A

phylum stramenopiles

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30
Q

what is the nutrition of axopodia (Phylum Stramenopiles)?

A

axopodia used to capture prey that float in freshwater

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31
Q

what are colorless heterotrophs (animal like)?

A

zooflagellates

32
Q

what 4 phyla have flagella?

A

virdiplantae, euglenozoa, dinoflagellata, and diplomonada

33
Q

what is the phylum of volvox?

A

viridiplantae

34
Q

what is the phylum of euglena?

A

euglenozoa

35
Q

what is the phylum of trypanosoma?

A

euglenozoa

36
Q

what is the phylum with dinoflagellates/plankton?

A

dinoflagellata

37
Q

what is the phylum of giardia?

A

diplomonada

38
Q

what is the phylum of paramecium?

A

ciliophora

39
Q

what is the phylum of amebas?

A

amoebozoa

40
Q

what is the phlyum of actinosphaerium?

A

stramenopiles

41
Q

what are phytoflagellates?

A

have chlorophyll (plant-like)

42
Q

Are phylum viridiplantae phytoflagellates or zooflagellates?

A

phytoflagellates

43
Q

what is the nutrition of volvox?

A

autotrophic

44
Q

what is the nutrition of euglena?

A

autotroph, and heterotroph when light -limited

45
Q

are phylum euglenozoa phytoflagellates or zooflagellates?

A

zooflagellates

46
Q

what is known as the african sleeping sickness?

A

trypanosoma

47
Q

what transmits trypanosoma?

A

tsetse fly

48
Q

are phylum dinoflagellata phytoflagellates or zooflagellates?

A

both

49
Q

what does “dino” mena?

A

whirling

50
Q

what is special about phylum dinoflagellata?

A

have 2 flagella at right angles

51
Q

What is the – term for the dinoflagellates that are considered algae and that are also endosymbionts inside many jellyfish, corals, & molluscs; a mutualistic relationship?

A

zooxanthellae

52
Q

what does giardia lambia cause?

A

diarrhea

53
Q

what phylum is multinuclear?

A

phylum ciliophora

54
Q

what does the macronucleus do?

A

metabolism + growth

55
Q

what does the micronucleus do?

A

divide/exchange in conjunction

56
Q

what are trichocysts/toxicysts?

A

defensive thread or toxin expelled to paralyze prey

57
Q

Paramecium have what kind of nutrition?

A

freshwater osmotroph

58
Q

what has contractile vacuoles and an oral grove?

A

paramecium

59
Q

endosymbionts fall under what phyla?

A

ciliophora

60
Q

suctorians fall under what phyla?

A

ciliaphora

61
Q

what are endosymbionts?

A

commensal and parasitic

62
Q

what are the characteristics of suctorians?

A

1) young swim with cilia
2) adults become sessile on stalk, lose cilia, develop paralyzing tentacles

63
Q

what phylum have an apical complex?

A

apicomplexa

64
Q

what phylum has all of the endoparasites?

A

apicomplexa

65
Q

what does the apical complex do?

A

aids infection

66
Q

toxoplasma is under what phyla?

A

apicomplexa

67
Q

plasmodium are under what phyla?

A

apicomplexa

68
Q

what is the main host of toxoplasma?

A

cats

69
Q

what is also known as malaria?

A

plasmodium

70
Q

what is the primary host of malaria?

A

mosquito

71
Q

what is the secondary host of malaria?

A

humans

72
Q

what’s the life cycle of malaria in it’s primary host?

A

gametes -> zygote -> sporozoites -> salivary glands -> humans

73
Q

what is the life cycle of malaria in it’s secondary host?

A

sporozoites -> liver -> merozoites -> rbc -> rbc burst -> release toxins

74
Q

what are some symptoms of malaria?

A

chills and fever

75
Q

where does malaria occur in the body?

A

liver

General Biology II (16 decks)

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