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General Biology II > Mollusca > Flashcards

Mollusca Flashcards

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1
Q

mantle definition

A

thin fleshy sheath hanging down either side of body

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2
Q

mantle cavity

A

encloses gills or serves as “lungs” ; products of digestive excretory and reproductive are brought here

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3
Q

trochophore

A

simple free-swimming feeding larval stage

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4
Q

Veliger

A

complex free-swimming feeding larval stage

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5
Q

Torsion

A

during embryonic development body is twisted 180 degrees, orienting anus anteriorly

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6
Q

Glochidium

A

specialized veliger larva, parasite/disperses on fish gills, scales

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7
Q

What are the general characteristics of phylum mollusca?

A
  • eucoelomate: coelom lined with mesoderm
  • foot: locomotion
  • mantle: pair of thin body folds (cape)
  • radula: rasping mouthpart
  • open circulatory system (closed in cephalopods)
  • respiration: cutaneous, gills, or vascular mantle (“lungs”)
  • organ system level of organization
  • extracellular digestion of food
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8
Q

what are the 3 layers that make up the shell of a mollusk?

A

periostracum, prismatic, and nacreous

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of periostracum layer?

A

resists acids, attack; camouflage

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of prismatic layer?

A

calcium carbonate for strength

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of nacreous layer?

A

smooth mother-of-pearl to protect soft body

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12
Q

what are the characteristics of the open circulatory system of molluscs?

A
  • blood oxygenated in gills and mantle
  • goes to paired auricles (atria) of heart -> muscular ventricle (3 chambers)
  • tissues bathed within coelom
  • blood collected and pressure boosted by accessory hearts in front of each gill
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13
Q

What mollusks have a juvenile stage rather than larval stages?

A

cephalopods

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14
Q

what mollusk is in the polyplacophora class?

A

chitons

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of class polyplacophora?

A

o dorsoventrally flattened
o 8 overlapping protective plates on top
o Broad foot beneath
o Clings to rocks, scrapes algae

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16
Q

what is the food of class polyplacophora?

A

algae

17
Q

what mollusks are in class gastropoda?

A

snails, slugs, limpets, periwinkles, conchs, whelks, sea slugs, abalone

18
Q

what are the characteristics of class gastropoda?

A

o most diverse
o terrestrial forms
o coiled univalve shell (or absent)
o torsion (during embryonic development body is twisted 180 degrees, orienting anus anteriorly

19
Q

what are the feeding methods of class gastropoda?

A

o herbivorous (grazers of algae, plants)
o scavengers
o suspension/filter feeders (trap food particles in mantle mucous)
o carnivorous

20
Q

what mollusks are in class bivalvia?

A

clams, mussels, scallops, oysters, shipworms

21
Q

what are the characteristics of class bivalvia?

A

o two laterally compressed shells/valves
o no head or radula
o glochidium - specialized veliger larva, parasite/disperses on fish gills, scales

22
Q

what are the feeding methods of class bivalvia?

A

o filter feeding
 food trapped by mucous covered gills
 cilia carry to labial palps -> mouth
 shipworms rasp wood with shell
* bacteria in gut provide cellulase

23
Q

what is the locomotion of class bivalvia?

A

foot extended -> burrows in sand -> swells with blood and anchors -> body pulled forward

24
Q

what are the mollusks in class Cephalopoda?

A

squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus

25
Q

what are the characteristics of class cephalopoda?

A

o structure:
 most no shell
 a narrow internal chitin strip (pen) or cuttlebone protects ganglia
o foot modified as arms/tentacles in head region
o jet propelled – water forced out funnel head
o highly predatory
 advanced eyes, brain, arms/tentacles, beak
o advanced social communication
 chromatophores change color rapidly
o reproduction
 male places spermatophore in female using specialized arm
 fertilized eggs attached to stones
o closed circulation

26
Q

describe the role of a clam’s gills in respiration.

A

Cilia create water current -> incurrent siphon -> gills -> outcurrent siphon

27
Q

describe the role of a clam’s gills in feeding.

A

Food trapped by mucous covered gills -> cilia carry to labial palps -> mouth

General Biology II (16 decks)

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