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General Biology II > Ch.32 - Digestion and Nutrition > Flashcards

Ch.32 - Digestion and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of feeding mechanisms?

A

1) filter feeding
2) deposit feeding
3) selective feeding

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2
Q

what phyla are filter feeders?

A

porifera, bivalve molluscs, whales

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3
Q

what phyla are deposit feeders?

A

annelida

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4
Q

what is deposit feeding?

A

get food from soil

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5
Q

what is selective feeding?

A

individual food items ingested

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6
Q

what is an example of selective feeding?

A

predator/prey

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7
Q

what is an incomplete digestive system?

A

only one opening (mouth/anus) -> two way flow

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8
Q

what two phylum are examples of incomplete digestive systems?

A

planaria and cnidaria

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9
Q

what is a complete digestive system?

A

separate mouth and anus -> one way flow

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10
Q

what phylum have complete digestive systems?

A

molluscs, annelids, anthropods, chordates

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11
Q

what phyla are located in the intracellular only?

A

Protista and porifera

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12
Q

what phyla are located in both the intra- and extracellular?

A

cnidaria, planaria/fluke, roundworm

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13
Q

what phyla are located in the extracellular only?

A

arthropoda and chordata

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14
Q

what are hydrolases?

A

break organic molecules by addition of water

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15
Q

what phyla use cilia to move food through alimentary canal?

A

platyhelminthes, nematoda, molluscs

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16
Q

what does segmentation do in terms of food movement through alimentary canal?

A

mixing in intestine and stomach

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17
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

movement through intestine

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18
Q

what is a metazoan?

A

multicellular animal

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19
Q

what is epiglottis?

A

a flap to the trachea that helps avoid choking

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20
Q

what is a crop?

A

storage in many invertebrates and birds

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21
Q

what is a gizzard?

A

grinding; muscular subdivision

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22
Q

what is the duodenum?

A

the beginning of the small intestine

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23
Q

what is bile?

A

yellow-green digestive fluid made by the liver

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24
Q

what does the gall bladder do?

A

store bile

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25
Q

what do villi do?

A

small intestine lining folds increasing SA

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26
Q

what do microvilli do?

A

cellular folds increase SA

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27
Q

what is a vitamin?

A

simple organic molecules

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28
Q

what is the location of production of amylase?

A

pancreas and salivary glands

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28
Q

what does amylase assist in the breakdown of?

29
Q

what is the location of production of cellulase?

29
Q

what does cellulase assist in the breakdown of?

A

cellulose -> B-glucose + short-chain polysaccharides

30
Q

what is the location of production of pepsin?

A

mouth and salivary glands

31
Q

Pepsin assists in the breakdown of what?

32
Q

what is the location of production of trypsin?

33
Q

trypsin assists in the breakdown of what?

34
Q

what is the location of production of chymotrypsin?

35
Q

chymotrypsin assists in the breakdown of what?

36
Q

what is the location of production of lipase?

A

pancreas, mouth, stomach

37
Q

Lipases assist in the breakdown of what?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

38
Q

what is the location of production of nucleases?

39
Q

Nucleases assist in the breakdown of what?

A

nucleotides

40
Q

what is the location of production of aminopeptidase?

A

small intestine (brush border)

41
Q

aminopeptidase assists in the breakdown of what?

A

terminal amino acids

42
Q

what is the location of production of sucrase?

43
Q

Sucrase assists in the breakdown of what?

A

sucrose -> glucose + fructose

44
Q

what is the location of production of lactase?

A

small intestine

45
Q

Lactase assists in the breakdown of what?

A

lactose -> glucose + galactose

46
Q

what is the location of production of alkaline phosphate?

47
Q

Alkaline phosphate assists in the breakdown of what?

A

phosphate compounds

48
Q

what is the composition of salivary gland secretion?

49
Q

what is the purpose of salivary gland secretion?

A

ingestion, chewing, swallowing

50
Q

what is the source of bicarbonate?

A

small intestine

51
Q

what is the purpose of biocarbonate?

A

neutralizes acidic chyme

52
Q

what is the source of HCl?

A

gastric juice

53
Q

what is the purpose of HCl?

A

kills bacteria + activates pepsin

54
Q

what is the source of bile salts?

A

bile (in the liver)

55
Q

what is the purpose of bile salts?

A

break up fat globules - lipids (increase SA)

56
Q

what process occurs in the mouth (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

57
Q

what process occurs in the esophagus/crop (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

A

conduction

58
Q

what process occurs in the gizzard/stomach (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

A

storage, early digestion, and grinding

59
Q

what process occurs in the small intestine (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

A

terminal digestion and absorption

60
Q

what process occurs in the large intestine (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

A

water absorption, concentration of solids

61
Q

what is the role of minerals?

A

building blocks, physiology

62
Q

what is the role of vitamins?

A

simple organic molecules essential in diet

63
Q

what is the role of water?

64
Q

what is the role of lipids?

A

energy and building block (of cell membranes)

65
Q

what is the role of carbs?

A

energy and building block

66
Q

what is the role of protein?

A

building blocks (8-10 essential AAs cannot be synthesized)

67
Q

How is hypothalamus involved in regulation?

A

monitors blood glucose

68
Q

How are stretch receptors involved in regulation?

A

stretches wall of stomach

69
Q

How is brown fat involved in regulation?

A

nonshivering thermogenesis dissipates excess energy

General Biology II (16 decks)

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