Ch.32 - Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

what are the 3 types of feeding mechanisms?

Answer 1

1) filter feeding
2) deposit feeding
3) selective feeding

Question 2

what phyla are filter feeders?

Answer 2

porifera, bivalve molluscs, whales

Question 3

what phyla are deposit feeders?

Answer 3

annelida

Question 4

what is deposit feeding?

Answer 4

get food from soil

Question 5

what is selective feeding?

Answer 5

individual food items ingested

Question 6

what is an example of selective feeding?

Answer 6

predator/prey

Question 7

what is an incomplete digestive system?

Answer 7

only one opening (mouth/anus) -> two way flow

Question 8

what two phylum are examples of incomplete digestive systems?

Answer 8

planaria and cnidaria

Question 9

what is a complete digestive system?

Answer 9

separate mouth and anus -> one way flow

Question 10

what phylum have complete digestive systems?

Answer 10

molluscs, annelids, anthropods, chordates

Question 11

what phyla are located in the intracellular only?

Answer 11

Protista and porifera

Question 12

what phyla are located in both the intra- and extracellular?

Answer 12

cnidaria, planaria/fluke, roundworm

Question 13

what phyla are located in the extracellular only?

Answer 13

arthropoda and chordata

Question 14

what are hydrolases?

Answer 14

break organic molecules by addition of water

Question 15

what phyla use cilia to move food through alimentary canal?

Answer 15

platyhelminthes, nematoda, molluscs

Question 16

what does segmentation do in terms of food movement through alimentary canal?

Answer 16

mixing in intestine and stomach

Question 17

what is peristalsis?

Answer 17

movement through intestine

Question 18

what is a metazoan?

Answer 18

multicellular animal

Question 19

what is epiglottis?

Answer 19

a flap to the trachea that helps avoid choking

Question 20

what is a crop?

Answer 20

storage in many invertebrates and birds

Question 21

what is a gizzard?

Answer 21

grinding; muscular subdivision

Question 22

what is the duodenum?

Answer 22

the beginning of the small intestine

Question 23

what is bile?

Answer 23

yellow-green digestive fluid made by the liver

Question 24

what does the gall bladder do?

Answer 24

store bile

Question 25

what do villi do?

Answer 25

small intestine lining folds increasing SA

Question 26

what do microvilli do?

Answer 26

cellular folds increase SA

Question 27

what is a vitamin?

Answer 27

simple organic molecules

Question 28

what is the location of production of amylase?

Answer 28

pancreas and salivary glands

Question 28

what does amylase assist in the breakdown of?

Answer 28

carbs

Question 29

what is the location of production of cellulase?

Answer 29

plants

Question 29

what does cellulase assist in the breakdown of?

Answer 29

cellulose -> B-glucose + short-chain polysaccharides

Question 30

what is the location of production of pepsin?

Answer 30

mouth and salivary glands

Question 31

Pepsin assists in the breakdown of what?

Answer 31

proteins

Question 32

what is the location of production of trypsin?

Answer 32

pancreas

Question 33

trypsin assists in the breakdown of what?

Answer 33

proteases

Question 34

what is the location of production of chymotrypsin?

Answer 34

pancreas

Question 35

chymotrypsin assists in the breakdown of what?

Answer 35

proteases

Question 36

what is the location of production of lipase?

Answer 36

pancreas, mouth, stomach

Question 37

Lipases assist in the breakdown of what?

Answer 37

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 38

what is the location of production of nucleases?

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

Nucleases assist in the breakdown of what?

Answer 39

nucleotides

Question 40

what is the location of production of aminopeptidase?

Answer 40

small intestine (brush border)

Question 41

aminopeptidase assists in the breakdown of what?

Answer 41

terminal amino acids

Question 42

what is the location of production of sucrase?

Answer 42

intestine

Question 43

Sucrase assists in the breakdown of what?

Answer 43

sucrose -> glucose + fructose

Question 44

what is the location of production of lactase?

Answer 44

small intestine

Question 45

Lactase assists in the breakdown of what?

Answer 45

lactose -> glucose + galactose

Question 46

what is the location of production of alkaline phosphate?

Answer 46

liver

Question 47

Alkaline phosphate assists in the breakdown of what?

Answer 47

phosphate compounds

Question 48

what is the composition of salivary gland secretion?

Answer 48

mucus

Question 49

what is the purpose of salivary gland secretion?

Answer 49

ingestion, chewing, swallowing

Question 50

what is the source of bicarbonate?

Answer 50

small intestine

Question 51

what is the purpose of biocarbonate?

Answer 51

neutralizes acidic chyme

Question 52

what is the source of HCl?

Answer 52

gastric juice

Question 53

what is the purpose of HCl?

Answer 53

kills bacteria + activates pepsin

Question 54

what is the source of bile salts?

Answer 54

bile (in the liver)

Question 55

what is the purpose of bile salts?

Answer 55

break up fat globules - lipids (increase SA)

Question 56

what process occurs in the mouth (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

Answer 56

reception

Question 57

what process occurs in the esophagus/crop (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

Answer 57

conduction

Question 58

what process occurs in the gizzard/stomach (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

Answer 58

storage, early digestion, and grinding

Question 59

what process occurs in the small intestine (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

Answer 59

terminal digestion and absorption

Question 60

what process occurs in the large intestine (of the metazoan alimentary canal)?

Answer 60

water absorption, concentration of solids

Question 61

what is the role of minerals?

Answer 61

building blocks, physiology

Question 62

what is the role of vitamins?

Answer 62

simple organic molecules essential in diet

Question 63

what is the role of water?

Answer 63

solvent

Question 64

what is the role of lipids?

Answer 64

energy and building block (of cell membranes)

Question 65

what is the role of carbs?

Answer 65

energy and building block

Question 66

what is the role of protein?

Answer 66

building blocks (8-10 essential AAs cannot be synthesized)

Question 67

How is hypothalamus involved in regulation?

Answer 67

monitors blood glucose

Question 68

How are stretch receptors involved in regulation?

Answer 68

stretches wall of stomach

Question 69

How is brown fat involved in regulation?

Answer 69

nonshivering thermogenesis dissipates excess energy