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VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q
A

Parabasal vaginal epithelial cell - anoestrus/dioestrus

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2
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Intermediate vaginal epithelial cell - anoestrus/proestrus/dioestrus

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3
Q
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Superficial vaginal epithelial cell - oestrus (will later become anucleic)

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4
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5
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6
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7
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A

Vaginoscopy

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8
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Vaginoscopy

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9
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Vaginoscopy

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10
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11
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12
Q
A

Follicles on US

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13
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A

Ovarian (follicular) cyst

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14
Q
A

Granulosa cell tumour (sex cord stoma tumour)

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15
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A

Vaginal neoplasia - transmissible venereal tumour (TVT), not found in UK

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16
Q
A

Vaginal wall hyperplasia

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17
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Vaginal prolapse

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18
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A

Aplasia of uterine horns, congenital

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19
Q
A

Pyometra

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20
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A

Unilateral cryptorchidism US

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21
Q
A

Cryptorchidism - inguinal surgery, using a spay hook

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22
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A

Testicular enlargement - orchitis/epididymitis, dog scrotum bitten by cat = direct trauma

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23
Q
A

Torsion on scrotum

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24
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Spermatic cord torsion - sertoli cell tumour in abdo twisted around + caught on omentum

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25
Q
A

Balanoposthitis = inflammation of penis

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26
Q
A

Paraphimosis = inability to retract penis into sheath

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27
Q
A

Urethral prolapse

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28
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A

Penile papilloma

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29
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Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT)

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30
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A

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

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31
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Prostatic cysts

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32
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Prostatitis - un-uniformed circular mass-like structure, mixed echogenicity

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33
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Prostatic neoplasia

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34
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Perineal hernia (extreme case) - in male dog

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35
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A

Pyometra - uterine horns become filled w/ purulent discharge, look sausage-shaped

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36
Q
A

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia - slice through uterine horns, vesicles, fluid-filled - optimum for bacterial growth

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37
Q
A

Open pyometra - pus from uterus on vulva

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38
Q
A

Stump pyometra - ovarian tissue remaining in abdo ‘ovarian remnant syndrome’

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39
Q
A

Pyometra

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40
Q
A

Pyometra, anechoic loops

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41
Q
A

Pyometra

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42
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Pyometra - loops of fluid more hypoechoic, grainy mottled colour = thick discharge

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43
Q
A

Pyometra Sx

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44
Q
A

Ruptured pyometra, purulent discharge coming out of one of the horns

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45
Q
A

California milk test CMT for mastitis

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46
Q
A

Summer mastitis complex (non-lactating)

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47
Q
A

Calving injury - trauma to birth canal/neighbouring structures

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48
Q
A

Uterine prolapse, cow

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49
Q
A
  • Uterine prolapse - L = doe goat; foetal membranes have been shed, R = sheep
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50
Q
A

Metritis

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51
Q
A

Endometritis

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52
Q
A

Lochia = normal post-partum discharge, some mucus + blood

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53
Q
A

Uterine inflammatory disease - metritis discharge - watery, reddish brown, pungent smell, liquidy

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54
Q
A

Uterine inflammatory disease - endometritis - white pus mixed in with mucus, not watery

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55
Q
A

Endometritis scoring - 0 = clear/translucent mucus

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56
Q
A

Endometritis scoring - 1 = mucus containing flecks of white/off-white pus

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57
Q
A

Endometritis scoring - 2 = discharge containing ≤ 50% white/off-white mucopurulent material

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58
Q
A

Endometritis scoring - 3 = discharge containing ≥ 50% purulent material, usually white or yellow, but occasionally sanguineous

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59
Q
A

Longitudinal - anterior

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60
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Longitudinal - posterior

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61
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Transverse - ventral

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62
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Transverse - dorsal

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63
Q
A

Ventral position, anterior presentation

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64
Q
A

Dorsal position, anterior presentation

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65
Q
A

Anterior presentation, dorsal position, unilateral shoulder flexion

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66
Q
A

True breech, posterior presentation, dorsal position, bilateral hock flexion (both of back legs flexed at level of hips)

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67
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68
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A
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69
Q
A

Obstructive dystocia, foetal oversize - calf stuck on dam side of pelvis, unable to come out of pelvic canal

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70
Q
A

Bull favouring back L, straight hock -> impaired locomotion

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71
Q
A

Bull - interdigital granuloma -> impaired locomotion

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72
Q
A

Bull w/ corkscrew feet -> impaired locomotion

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73
Q
A

Bull - asymmetrical testes due to epididymitis/orchitis or right more developed than the other

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74
Q
A

Bull - testes too small

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75
Q
A

Penile haematoma in bull - rupture of corpus cavernosum - a lot of blood forms

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76
Q
A

Papilloma on bull penis

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77
Q
A

Spiral deviation of bull penis

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78
Q
A

Bull semen assessment - appropriate appearance

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79
Q
A
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80
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - knobbed acromosome (common form)

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81
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - knobbed acromosome (beaded form)

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82
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - pyriform head (severe)

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83
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - pyriform head (moderate)

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84
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - pyriform head (slight)

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85
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - nuclear vacuoles

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86
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - diadem defects

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87
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - detached head

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88
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - distal reflex

89
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - dag-like defect (broken midpiece), tail defect, common

90
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - dag-like defect (severely bent midpiece), common

91
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - proximal droplet, common

92
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - distal droplet

93
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - teratoid (severe)

94
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - teratoid (moderate)

95
Q
A

Semen assessment, spermiogram (phase contrast microscopy) - normal spermatozoa

96
Q
A

Vermiform appendage - in rams, needed for semen distribution in vagina, at end of prepuce

98
Q
A

Cystic ovarian disease

99
Q
A

Endometritis scoring = 0, clear/translucent mucus

100
Q
A

Endometritis scoring = 1, mucus containing flecks of white/off-white pus

101
Q
A

Endometritis scoring = 2, discharge containing ≤ 50% white or off-white mucopurulent material 50/50

102
Q
A

Endometritis scoring = 3, discharge containing ≥ 50% purulent material, usually white or yellow, but occasionally sanguineous

103
Q
A

Pyometra in cow, US scan - granular complex of pus, floating around, should be clear, clean fluid

104
Q
A

Pyometra in cow, US scan - granular complex of pus, floating around, should be clear, clean fluid

105
Q
A

Abortion in ewes due to Chlamydophila abortus - disease affects placenta -> placentitis, red dots = cotyledons (lamb receives)

106
Q
A

Ewe placenta, 1-3mm foci in cotyledons due to Toxoplasma gondii protozoan parasite

107
Q
A

Toxoplasmosis - small mummified foetus

108
Q
A

Sarcoid on inguinal region of mammary gland of horse, dec foaling

109
Q
A

Mare - dioestrus cervix, pale, hard

110
Q
A

Mare - vaginitis/cervicitis

111
Q
A

Mare - early oestrus cervix = flaccid, pale pink, moist

112
Q
A

Normal uterine horn of mare:
- Myometrium top + bottom, hyperechoic nothing v remarkable
- Endometrium in between
- Dioestrus - clearly demarcated myometrium

113
Q
A

Normal uterine body of mare:
- Myometrium top + bottom, hyperechoic nothing v remarkable
- Endometrium in between
- Dioestrus - clearly demarcated myometrium

114
Q
A

Mare, uterine lumen fluid

115
Q
116
Q
A

Mare - uterine oedema, like cross-section of a beef tomato

117
Q
118
Q
A

Mare - grade 2 uterine oedema pattern, small amount of oedema

119
Q
A

Mare - grade 3 uterine oedema pattern, moderate amount of oedema

120
Q
A

Mare - grade 4 uterine oedema pattern, large amount of oedema

121
Q
A

Mare, ovarian scan - transitional (multiple anovulatory follicles)

122
Q
A

Mare, ovarian scan - oestrus period, pre-ovulatory follicle

123
Q
A

Mare, ovarian scan - oestrus period, corpus luteum

124
Q
A

Mare, ovarian scan - oestrus period, corpus haemorrhagica

125
Q
A

Mare, ovarian scan - haemorrhagic follicle, smoke/snow globe appearance

126
Q
A

Mare, ovarian scan - granulosa cell tumour

127
Q
A

Mare, ovarian scan - twin ovulation

129
Q
A

Endometrial cells

130
Q
A

Endometrial cells + yeast

131
Q
A

Mare - dioestrus

132
Q
A

Mare - oestrus

133
Q
A

Mare PD - day 12

134
Q
A

Mare PD - day 14, first scan, 14-18 mm, spherical vesicle

135
Q
A

Mare PD - day 16, zona pelucida breaks down, can see shape of conceptus beginning to form + lining uterus

136
Q
A

Mare PD - day 17, implantion

137
Q
A

Mare PD - day 21, irregular outline to conceptus, embryo visible (triangular shape)

140
Q
A

Equine herpes (EHV-3) - blemishes around preputial fold

141
Q
A

Stallion, priapism (prolonged erection)

142
Q
A

Beans found in urethra of stallion

143
Q
A

Stallion melanoma on penis

144
Q
A

Stallion - SCC

145
Q
A

Good conformation of external genitalia in mare

146
Q
A

Poor conformation of external genitalia in mare - faeces from anus/air more likely to enter

147
Q
A

Pneumovaginum

150
Q
A

Urovaginum - cranial displacement of vagina and urethral orifice over pelvic brim

151
Q
A

Mare - foetal remnants

152
Q
A

Mare - uterine cysts

153
Q
A

Mare - endometritis, massive amount of fluid

154
Q
A

Mare - pyometra

158
Q
A

Vaginal varicose veins, no treatment required if minimal bleeding

159
Q
A

Slight ventral wall oedema in mare, normal

160
Q
A

Big plaque of ventral wall oedema, abnormal

161
Q
A

Prepubic tendon rupture - tilt to pelvis, stretched out mare reluctant to move, no support from rectus abdominis

162
Q
A

Retained foetal membranes

163
Q
A

Mare - vestibular/vulval trauma

164
Q
A

Mare - perineal laceration

165
Q
A

Mare - 2nd degree perineal laceration, vulval lips + deeper perineal tissues (perineal body)

166
Q
A

Mare - 3rd degree perineal laceration, vaginal roof, deep perineal tissues + rectal floor

167
Q
A

Mare - recto-vaginal fistula, foal foot penetration + withdrawal

168
Q
A

Mare - urovaginum, cranial displacement of vagina + urethral orifice over pelvic brim

169
Q
A

Uterine laceration, mare

170
Q
A

Uterine prolapse, mare

171
Q
A

Anterior + dorsal, calf - legs in the way of head, need to get nose up, put long ropes on feet before putting back in, clenbuterol (planipart) to open up, when head in correct position, put head ropes on

172
Q
A

Cap head around + in correct position, put ropes on legs, pull head forward - hook hand inside mouth, give planipart for more room, then head ropes

173
Q
A

Posterior + dorsal, true breech, will feel tail - rope around back leg, joint bends, cup to prevent uterus damage, repeat on each leg, may need to push bum out of way, pos c-section

174
Q
A

Anterior + dorsal + bilateral hock flexion - rope around hocks, cup, push head back, planipart - more room

175
Q
A

Calf twins - maybe calve dorsal one first, mindful of limbs matching w/ same calf
(More ventral calf - may open up the canal more, head + feet, for backwards one)

176
Q
A

Swollen head - been out a while, circulation cut off at neck, tight - use lots of lube, push head in, push other leg up, caesarian section

177
Q
A

Swollen tongue + large foot - mother is thin cow, oversized foetus = C-SECTION, v obvious

178
Q
A

Hamster, cytology of vaginal discharge: segmented neutrophils + macrophages (pyometra)

179
Q
A

Hamster, US, hyperechoic endometrium, heterogenic flocculation (clumps), thickened endometrium

180
Q
A

Tortoise, cloacal prolapse due to straining caused by GI parasties

181
Q
A
  • Green iguana, low Ca^2+
  • Some thin shelled radiopaque eggs can be seen with the presence of follicles (less radiopaque). The bone cortices are very thin and not dense.
  • Can see outline of eggs - calcium, eggs produced not properly shelled, no nice ring = post-ovulatory
  • General bone density - radiolucent
182
Q
A

Green iguana, pre-ovulatory stasis

183
Q

What anatomical site is being swabbed in this mare?

A

Clitoral sinus

184
Q

A late term pre-partum mare presents with colic and the following appearance on clinical examination, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Pre-pubic tendon rupture

185
Q

An ultrasound of a mares reproductive tract is performed and the following is visualised on the left ovary. What stage of the oestrus cycle is this mare in?

A

Mid dioestrus

186
Q

A mare presents as the owner is concerned because the mare is persistently showing signs of oestrus. Ultrasound examination reveals the following. What further diagnostic test should be recommended?

A

Blood test for Anti-Mullerian Hormone

187
Q

What type of fluid is seen in this image of a mare’s reproductive tract?

188
Q

Vaginal cytology is performed on a breeding bitch and reveals a predominance of parabasal cells, intermediate cells and an influx of neutrophils. Appearance on vaginoscopy is shown in the image below. What is the stage of the oestrous cycle?

189
Q
A
  • Uveitis
  • Inflammation
  • In-utero inflam, young foal
  • Older foal - 2^y source of infection
190
Q
A

Foal, abdominal distension, possible atresia coli, colic, D+ -> scalding -> hair loss

191
Q
A

Foal, patent urachus, peeing from both structures

192
Q
A

Foal, septic umbilical stump, necrotic, discharge

193
Q
A

Foal, inguinal hernia, enlarged scrotal sac = intestines

194
Q
A

Foal - hypovolaemia

195
Q
196
Q
A

Foal, sepsis - swollen joint, patent urachus

197
Q
A

Foal - neonatal isoerythrolysis

198
Q
199
Q
200
Q
A

Foal - a lot of meconium left in the abdo + not passed

201
Q
A

Foal - diarrhoea in loops of SI, distended + swirling around

202
Q
A

Foal, Madigan squeeze, reduced mentation, not sedated

203
Q
A

Male foetal sexing - genital tuberculum migrating towards umbilicus

204
Q
A

Female foetal sexing - genital tuberculum migrating towards anus/tail

205
Q
A

Embryo transfer, embryo sorting - unfertilised ova

206
Q
A

Embryo transfer, embryo sorting - 16 cell embryo, this stage on day 7 = degenerative

207
Q
A

Embryo transfer, embryo sorting - grade I morula

208
Q
A

Embryo transfer, embryo sorting - grade I early blastocyst

209
Q
A

Embryo collection via laparotomy/laparoscopy - oviductal flush

210
Q
A

Equine - oocyte from mature follicle

211
Q
A

Equine oocyte pick up (OPU) (pre-ovulatory follicle aspiration)

212
Q
A

Bovine IVF - Cumulus-oocyte complexes collected by OPU from donor animals -> oocytes matured for 22-24h

213
Q
A

Bovine IVF - Expanded cumulus

214
Q
A

Bovine IVF - Embryos 8-cell after 44h culture in vitro

215
Q
A

Bovine IVF - Blastocyst stage on Day 7

217
Q
A

Epididymal sperm collection, salvage procedure (bovine)

218
Q
A

Cloning - embryo splitting

VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 (20 decks)

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