Drug Summaries

Question 1

Renal diet for CKD

Answer 1

• Reduced protein/’high quality’ protein, phosphate + sodium
• Increased potassium, vit D, omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids
• Neutralising effect on systemic pH

Question 2

Aluminium hydroxide, aluminium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium acetate, lanthanum carbonate

Answer 2

• Phosphate binders - chronic reduction in dietary phosphate in CKD
• E.g. Ipakitine, pronefra

Question 3

Amlodipine

Answer 3

• Calcium channel blocker (class IV antidysrhythmic drug, negative inotrope (smooth muscle relaxation), vasodilation) -> dec HR + dec BP
• Antihypertensive

Question 4

Benazepril

Answer 4

• ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor
• Dec BP + dec proetinuria
• CKD
• Dogs

Question 5

Telmisartan

Answer 5

• ARB (angiotensin II receptor type AT1 antagonist)
• Blocker receptor associated w/ vasoconstriction (vasopressin/ADH still made, water retention)
• CKD
• Cats

Question 6

Omeprazole

Answer 6

• Proton pump inhibitor - reduces stomach acid secretion
• CKD - uraemic gastritis due to excess nitrogenous waste -> nausea, V+, inappetence

Question 7

Famotidine, ranitidine

Answer 7

• H2 antagonists - reduces stomach acid secretion
• CKD - uraemic gastritis due to excess nitrogenous waste -> nausea, V+, inappetence

Question 8

Mirtazapine (benzodiazepine)

Answer 8

• Appetite stimulant
• CKD - uraemic gastritis due to excess nitrogenous waste -> nausea, V+, inappetence

Question 9

Potassium gluconate, potassium citrate

Answer 9

• Oral potassium supplement
• Hypokalaemia for CKD

Question 10

Sodium bicarbonate (potassium citrate if hypokalaemic)

Answer 10

• For metabolic acidosis w/ CKD