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VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 > Renal Therapeutics > Flashcards

Renal Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Ampicillin / TMPS (trimethoprim sulfonamide)

A
  • AB
  • UTI
  • Cocci/alkaline urine -> Staph/Strep
  • Rod/alkaline urine -> Proteus
  • Companion animal, (TMPS = first line equine), ruminants
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2
Q

Fluoroquinolone

A
  • AB, cephalosporin
  • UTI
  • Rod/acidic urine -> E. coli/Pseudomonas
  • Not first line Tx, but can enter prostate (companion animal)
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3
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A
  • UTI, feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (have lower GAGs)
  • Prevent attachment of bacteria, line the mucosa of bladder for protection
  • E.g. Cystease food supplement
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4
Q

Fusidic acid

A
  • Topical AB cream
  • ‘Sludgy bladder’
  • Rabbits
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5
Q

Zinc oxide

A
  • Natural antiseptic, antibacterial, topical
  • ‘Sludgy bladder’
  • Rabbits
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6
Q

Rearguard (cyromazine)

A
  • Ectoparasiticide - barrier/prevention of maggots, fly strike
  • Rabbits
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7
Q

Albendazole / Fenbendazole

A
  • AB
  • Encephalitozoon cuniculi, prolonged Tx, 30 d
  • Rabbits
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8
Q

Prioxicam

A
  • NSAID
  • Management of transitional cell carcinoma (bladder)
  • Dogs
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9
Q

Butorphanol / Buprenorphine

A
  • Analgesia, opioids
  • Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), esp chronic cases; urethral obstruction
  • Cats
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10
Q

Amitriptyline

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant
  • Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), chronic cases
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11
Q

Calcium gluconate / Dextrose (or glucose) + insulin

A
  • Protect heart from hyperkalaemia (calcium gluconate)
  • Calcium gluconate - IV, antagonises cardiac effect of hyperkalaemia
  • Dextrose solution = insulin relief
  • Insulin = co-transporter, gets K+ transported w/ insulin into cells)
  • AKI
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12
Q

Prazosin / Dantrolene

A
  • Antispasmodics
  • Prazosin - smooth muscle relaxant
  • Dantrolene - skeletal muscle relaxant
  • Act on diff parts of urethra to reduce spasm
  • Urethral obstruction
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13
Q

Furosemide / Dobutamine

A
  • Diuretics (if horse not producing urine after 12-24 hrs), vasodilation of kidneys -> inc renal perfusion -> inc urine output
  • Furosemide - (1-3 mg/kg q2h IV)
  • Dobutamine infusion
  • AKI
  • Horses
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14
Q

Phosphate binders

A
  • Binds to phosphate in intestinal tract so doesn’t get absorbed
  • Companion animals, if blood phosphate remains high (>1.6 mmol/L)
  • E.g. Pronefra
  • Chronic renal failure
  • Companion animal
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15
Q

Amlodipine

A
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • One dose every 24 h, can double dose if no response
  • Chronic renal failure - hypertension, causes peripheral vasodilation
  • Companion animal
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16
Q

Telmisartan

A
  • AKA Semintra (go-to)
  • Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
  • BID then SID
  • Chronic renal failure - hypertension + proteinuria
  • Companion animal
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17
Q

Benazepril

A
  • AKA Fortekor
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE)
  • Chronic renal failure - proteinuria
  • Companion animal
18
Q

Potassium supplementation (Kaminox)

A
  • Chronic renal failure - spiked fluids in dehydrated patient, will dec muscular weakness + improve inappetence
  • Companion animal
19
Q

Maropitant / Metoclopramide

A
  • Antiemetic
  • GI signs in chronic renal failure
  • Companion animal
20
Q

Mirtazapine

A
  • Appetite stimulant
  • GI signs in chronic renal failure
  • Companion animal
21
Q

Famotidine

A
  • H2 blocker
  • GI signs in chronic renal failure
  • Companion animal
22
Q

Omeprazole

A
  • Proton pump inhibitor
  • GI signs in chronic renal failure
  • Companion animal
23
Q

Furosemide

A
  • Diuretic (urinate out extra fluid), alleviates vol overload, IV/CRI
  • Oliguric/anuric renal failure
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Companion animal
24
Q

Calcium gluconate, insulin, glucose, sodium bicarbonate

A
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Calcium gluconate - protects heart, but doesn’t drop K^+
  • Insulin - co-transporter system, carries K^to + into cells
  • Glucose = to give w/ insulin
  • Acute kidney injury
  • Companion animal
25
Q

Propantheline

A
  • Antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) agent
  • Bladder storage, sympathetic control, bladder relaxant (detrusor relaxant)
  • Incontinence; restricted bladder filling
  • Companion animal
26
Q

Imipramine / Amitriptyline

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant/anxiolytic
  • Bladder storage, sympathetic control, bladder relaxant (detrusor relaxant)
  • Incontinence; restricted bladder filling
  • Companion animal
27
Q

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) (Propalin)

A
  • IUS stimulant - sympathomimetic
  • Bladder storage, sympathetic control, internal urethral sphincter stimulant (restriction/contraction of internal urethral sphincter)
  • Incontinence - go-to; urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI); supportive Tx for ectopic ureters
  • Companion animal
28
Q

Ephedrine (Enurace / Canuphedrin)

A
  • IUS stimulant - sympathomimetic
  • Bladder storage, sympathetic control, internal urethral sphincter stimulant (restriction/contraction of internal urethral sphincter)
  • Converts in liver to phenylpropanolamine (norephedrine)
  • Incontinence; urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI)
  • Companion animal
29
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A
  • IUS stimulant - sympathomimetic
  • Bladder storage, sympathetic control, internal urethral sphincter stimulant (strengthens contractions of internal urethral sphincter)
  • Incontinence
  • Companion animal
30
Q

Oestriol (oestrogen) (Incurin)

A
  • IUS stimulant - sensitises adrenergic receptors
  • Bladder storage, sympathetic control, internal urethral sphincter stimulant (restriction/contraction of internal urethral sphincter)
  • Up-regulates adrenoreceptors of urethral sphincter
  • Incontinence (go-to); urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI)
  • Companion animal
31
Q

Bethanechol

A
  • Detrusor stimulant
  • Bladder voidance, parasympathetic control, contraction of bladder, urethral sphincter/urethra relaxes
  • Urinary retention (go-to); bladder distension (detrusor atony); reflex dyssynergia
  • Companion animal
32
Q

Cisapride (special basis)

A
  • Detrusor stimulant - gastric prokinetic indirect PS stimulation
  • Bladder voidance, parasympathetic control, contraction of bladder, urethral sphincter/urethra relaxes
  • Urinary retention; bladder distension (detrusor atony)
  • Companion animal
33
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A
  • IUS relaxant - non-selective alpha adrenergic antagonist
  • Bladder voidance, parasympathetic control - (contraction of bladder) urethral sphincter/urethra relaxes - smooth muscle relaxant
  • Urinary retention
  • Companion animal
34
Q

Prazosin

A
  • IUS relaxant, selective alpha adrenergic antagonist
  • Bladder voidance, parasympathetic control, contraction of bladder, urethral sphincter/urethra relaxes
  • Urinary retention; reflex dyssynergia
  • Companion animal
35
Q

Diazepam / Dantrolene

A
  • EUS (external urethral sphincter) relaxant - somatic muscle relaxant (voluntary control)
  • Bladder voidance, parasympathetic control, contraction of bladder, urethral sphincter/urethra relaxes
  • Urinary retention, improving voidance
  • Companion animal - blocked cat
36
Q

Procaine penicillin

A
  • UTI
  • Horses, first line in ruminants due to Corynebacterium renale
37
Q

Ammonium salts (ammonium sulfate/chloride)

A
  • Urine acidifier - reduces adherence of Corynebacterium renale
  • UTI, dec urolithiasis
  • Ruminants
  • In diet - v unpalatable
38
Q

Piroxicam

A
  • NSAID
  • Transitional cell carcinoma (bladder tumour)
  • Dog
39
Q

Apometic + activated charcoal

A
  • Prevents absorption of toxins
  • Induce emesis (apometic);
  • Activated charcoal prevents systemic absorption
  • AKI
40
Q

Enrofloxacin (+ TMPS)

A
  • Only licensed AB in rabbits
  • Sludgy bladder/urolithiases, CaCO3 - when cultured as infection

VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 (20 decks)

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