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VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 > Endocrine Therapeutics > Flashcards

Endocrine Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Propylene glycol / glycerol

A
  • Oral glucose precursors
  • Ketosis - most effective; pregnancy toxaemia
  • Cattle, sheep
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2
Q

Glucocorticoids

A
  • Stimulation of appetite
  • Promote gluconeogenesis
  • Ketosis; pregnancy toxaemia
  • Cattle, sheep
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3
Q

B vitamins

A
  • Stimulation of appetite
  • Ketosis
  • Cattle
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4
Q

IV calcium borogluconate

A
  • Calcium
  • Hypocalcaemia
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5
Q

Calcium chloride / proprionate

A
  • Oral calcium
  • Hypocalcaemia
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6
Q

Xylazine

A
  • Sedative
  • Seizures/convulsions - hypomagnesaemia
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7
Q

MgSO4 in CaBG

A
  • Slow IV: 100 mL MgSO4 in 300 mL CaBG 20%
  • SC: 400 mL MgSO4 (warmed infusions)
  • Hypomagnesaemia (ruminants)
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8
Q

NaCl IVFT

A
  • Competes w/ Ca2+
  • 1y hyperparathyroidism, Tx of hypercalcaemia
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9
Q

Bisphosphonates

A
  • Inhibit osteoclastic action
  • 1y hyperparathyroidism, Tx of hypercalcaemia
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10
Q

IV calcium gluconate

A
  • Acute hypoparathyroidism
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11
Q

Oral elemental calcium supplementation, vitamin D supplementation, calcitriol

A
  • Chronic hypoparathyroidism
  • Helps absorb calcium from gut
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12
Q

Kaminox

A
  • Potassium supplementation
  • Feline hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
  • Dec CS e.g. ventroflexion, myopathies
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13
Q

Spironolactone

A
  • Aldosterone blocker
  • Feline hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
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14
Q

Amlodipine

A
  • Ca2+ channel blocker
  • Smooth muscle relaxant for hypertension
  • Feline hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
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15
Q

Desmopressin

A
  • Selective vasopressin V2 receptor agonist -> inc water absorption
  • Polyuria - diabetes insipidus
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16
Q

Sodium levothyroxine - soloxine, thyrforon

A
  • T4 supplement tablet
  • Canine hypothyroidism (Addison’s), feline hypothyroidism
17
Q

Carbimazole, methimazole, thiamazole

A
  • Thioreylenes - inhibit oxidation of iodide and organification of iodide + coupling of iodothyronines to form T3 + T4
  • Anti-thyroid hormone production
  • Feline hyperthyroidism
18
Q

Trilostane (Vetoryl)

A
  • Affects production of glucocorticoids, reversibly blocks adrenal synthesis of glucocorticoids (+ mineralocorticoids + sex hormones), dec cortisol
  • Risk of iatrogenic hypocortisolaemia (Addison’s due to overdose); unmasking arthritis
  • Canine hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) - canine pit + adrenal-dependent
19
Q

Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef)

A
  • Balanced glucocorticoid + weak mineralocorticoid action, IVFT
  • Canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s), acute collapsed
20
Q

Prednisolone

A
  • Oral 0.2 - 0.4 mg/kg cortisol required q24 h (normal adrenal production), so aim for 0.05 - 0.1 mg/kg prednisolone q24 h - canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s) - subacute
  • 0.2 mg/kg q12 h - ferret insulinoma
21
Q

Zycortal (desoxycortone pivalate (DOCP))

A
  • Mineralocorticoid deficiency, sub-cut injection q4 w
  • Canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)
22
Q

Caninsulin

A
  • Insulin (from porcine)
  • Intermediate-acting
  • Canine diabetes - uncomplicated diabetes
  • Red, 40 IU/mL
  • 30% amorphous zinc insulin / 70% crystalline zinc insulin
23
Q

ProZinc

A
  • Exogenous insulin therapy (from human)
  • 0.2 - 0.4 IU/kg subcut q12 h
  • Feline diabetes mellitus, uncomplicated diabetes
  • Intermediate-acting
  • Red, 40 IU/mL
  • Protamine zinc insulin - crystalline
24
Q

Diazoxide

A
  • Inhibits insulin secretion
  • Insulinoma
25
Q

Streptozotocin

A
  • Chemotherapy - metastatic cancer of the pancreatic islet cells (insulinoma)
26
Q

Humulin

A
  • Insulin (human)
  • Short-acting
  • Complicated diabetes / Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
  • Orange, 100 IU/mL
  • Used in emergency, higher strength
27
Q

Tolbutamide, glipizide

A
  • Oral hypoglycaemic agent
  • Stimulate beta cells to produce insulin
  • Poorly tolerated in cats + dogs, only if absolute insulin deficiency, cats if cannot use insulin
28
Q

Metformin

A
  • Oral hypoglycaemic agent
  • Increase insulin sensitivity
  • Poorly tolerated in cats + dogs, only if absolute insulin deficiency, cats if cannot use insulin
29
Q

Radioiodine (131^I)

A
  • Taken up by thyroid gland, incorporated into thyroglobulin, emits beta and gamma radiation, beta particles are cytotoxic in short range, restricted to thyroid follicles
  • Hyperthyroid cats
  • Excretion of 131^I in bodily fluids, isolate for min 2w
  • Interim medical management required
30
Q

Pergolide mesylate (+ bromocryptine mesylate, cabergoline)

A
  • Dopamine agonists - reimposition of dopaminergic inhibition of pars intermedia
  • Pergolide mesylate = only licensed
  • Pituitary pars intermedia (equine)
31
Q

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride

A
  • Dec ACTH secretion from pars distalis, not fully established in equids
  • Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) (equine)
32
Q

Glibenclamide

A
  • Insulin secretagogues
  • Diabetes (II) mellitus, equine

VMS3011 Veterinary Medicine 2 (20 decks)

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