Neurology

Question 1

Answer 1

CSF cytology - bacterial meningitis, alpha haemolytic strep, neutrophilic pleocytosis

Question 2

Answer 2

Lymphoblasts in CSF - lymphoma, neoplastic changes

Question 3

Answer 3

CSF analysis - markedly xanthochromic (yellow appearance, bilirubin) = old haemorrhage, hours after bleeding into subarachnoid space

Question 4

Answer 4

CSF analysis - mildly xanthochromic

Question 5

Answer 5

Leucocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis

Question 6

Answer 6

Neutrophilic pleocytosis, steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis

Question 7

Answer 7

Menigoencephalomyelitis

Question 8

Answer 8

Hyperintensity (oedema), suggesting inflam, menigoencephalomyelitis

Question 9

Answer 9

Mononuclear pleocytosis - meningoencepahlomyelitis

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T2W compared to previous T1W

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Question 15

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Question 18

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Polioencephalomalacia/cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) - dark matter glowing

Question 19

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Opisthotonos - head v close to spine, Polioencephalomalacia/cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN)

Question 20

Answer 20

Brain abscess / pit abscess / basilar empyema 2y to insertion of bull ring

Question 21

Answer 21

Coenurosis / Gid (sheep)

Question 22

Answer 22

BVD

Question 23

Answer 23

Schmallenberg

Question 24

Answer 24

Marek’s disease, tumours on LN of liver (poultry)

Question 25

Answer 25

Spinal osteomyelitis - inflam spine -> pressure on SC (poultry)

Question 26

Answer 26

Scoliosis (poultry)

Question 27

Answer 27

Vestibular strabismus - eye deviation abnormal to new position head moved into

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Question 29

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Question 30

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Question 32

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Bone tumour - painful, pressing on vertebrae -> paraplegic

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Question 34

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Discospondylitis - retrograde flow in vertebral veins suggested as possible route of infection, second image = grass seed migration through lungs to diaphragm, lodge crural insertion

Question 35

Answer 35

Early radiographic changes - bacterial discospondylitis

Question 36

Answer 36

Chondrodystrophic disc

Question 37

Answer 37

Chondrodystrophic disc

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Question 45

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Question 47

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Primary (congenital) arachnoid diverticulum

Question 48

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Question 52

Cobb angle

Answer 52

Question 53

Cobb angle

Answer 53

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Question 56

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Butterfly vertebrae - usual for bulldog + no associated signs

Question 57

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Question 71

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Polymyositis - blue blobs = inflam cells

Question 72

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Storage disease - lipid droplets within macrophages endoneurium + subperineurally

Question 73

Answer 73

Axonal degeneration, scattered myelin ovoids, no regeneration

Question 74

Answer 74

Meninigioma

Question 75

Answer 75

Oculomotor nerve compressed -> lateral strabismus, can v quickly go into coma

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Question 78

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Question 79

Answer 79

Cerebral oedema + foramen magnum herniation

Question 80

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Question 83

Answer 83

Neoplasia compressing cauda equina