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Science Yr9 and 10 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the male reproductive system

A

the penis

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2
Q

what is the penis’ function

A

to produce and deposit sperm

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3
Q

what are the 3 categories of the penis

A
  1. sperm production
  2. fluid production and delivery
  3. penis
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4
Q

what is the scrotum

A

a wrinkly sac made of skin that covers and protects the testes

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5
Q

what is the testis

A

a small ball inside the scrotum that produces sperm

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6
Q

what is the epididymis

A

a tube that stores sperm, it is right above the testes

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7
Q

what is the sperm duct or vas deferns

A

a tube that transports sperm into the seminal vesicle

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8
Q

what is the seminal vesicle

A

it adds a sugary fluid to the sperm to give it energy when it is swimming inside the female reproductive system

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9
Q

what is the prostate gland

A

a gland that produces and adds a thick fluid to the sperm and sugary fluid to produce semen. this thick fluid protects the sperm and is basic in ph levels to help sperm survive in a slightly acidic vagina.

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10
Q

what is the urethra

A

a muscular tube that passes through the prostate gland and delivers urine and semen from the body and penis

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11
Q

what is the penis

A

male reproductive system and delivers semen into the vagina.

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12
Q

what is sperm

A

the male sex cell or male gamete that holds half of the genetic information to form a zygote or future baby

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13
Q

what is semen

A

semen is the sperm, sugary fluid and thick protective fluid combined. It is basic ph level to help it survive inside the slightly acidic vagina

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14
Q

what is the penis made of

A

soft erectile tissue that fills with blood when a man is sexually aroused. this is controlled by hormones. this makes the penis rigid (erect), making it easier for the penis to enter the vagina

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15
Q

what does sperm look like

A
  1. has a head with a nucleus containing DNA
  2. has a cell membrane
    3, has a tail to help it move
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16
Q

what is the bladder

A

a flexible bag for storing urine

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17
Q

what is the anus

A

opening which faeces leaves the body

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18
Q

what is the rectum

A

the elastic sac that stores solid body waste or feces before it is passed out the body by anus

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19
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical messages that travel through the blood

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20
Q

what are the male and female hormones

A

male: testosterone, made in testes
female: oestrogen and progesterone, produced in ovaries

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21
Q

what are 2 functions of female reproductive system

A
  1. to produce egg cells or ova
  2. nourish the foetus birth
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22
Q

what are 3 categories of female reproductive system

A
  1. egg production
  2. foetal development
  3. the vagina
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23
Q

what are the ovaries

A

they produce and store ova or eggs and make female sex hormones

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24
Q

what are the oviduct

A

they carry the ova or eggs to the uterus by moving it with cilia

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25
Q

what is the womb

A

a hollow, muscular organ which can stretch easily,It accommodates the growing foetus

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26
Q

what is the cervix

A

found at the base of the uterus. It is a ring of muscle that allows fluids to pass through and keeps the foetus in the uterus

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27
Q

what is an ovum

A

female sex cell or gamete. It is fertilised by ONE sperm. A female is born with all the eggs she will ever have in her life

  1. ovum = 1 egg
  2. ova = eggs
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28
Q

what is the vagina

A

where the penis enters during sexual intercourse. It is a muscular passageway. during birth, the baby leaves through the vagina. It has an acidic pH level to help kill bacteria and makes it inhospitable to incoming sperm.

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29
Q

what is the vulva

A

the external opening to the vagina

30
Q

what is the urethra (women)

A

it is a muscular tube that is connected to the bladder and allows urine to pass out of the body. It is in front of the vagina

31
Q

what is an ovum made of

A

mitochondria, cell membrane and nucleus

32
Q

what is puberty

A

changes to the body of a child to become reproductively capable. it involved hormones that are controlled by the brain and pituitary gland

33
Q

what causes puberty in boys

A
  1. Hormones travel to the testes in young teenage boys, which stimulate the testes to start producing sperm.
  2. The testes also produce, testosterone, which causes lots of changes to take place.
34
Q

what are the changes in boys during puberty

A
  1. Growth of the testicles and penis
  2. Pubic hair develops
  3. Armpit hair, facial hair, and chest hair
  4. Voice deepens
35
Q

what causes puberty in girls

A
  1. Hormones from the pituitary gland travel to the ovaries in young teenage girls, which stimulate an egg to ripen.
  2. The ovaries produce the hormone estrogen and progesterone that cause key changes
36
Q

what are key changes in girls

A
  1. Growth of the breasts
  2. Growth of pubic and armpit hair
  3. Hips or pelvic girdles become wider
  4. Periods (menstruation) start
37
Q

what is the menstrual cycle

A

it is a 28-day cycle regarding a monthly series of changes a women’s body goes through in preparation for pregnancy.

38
Q

what is day 1 of the menstrual cycle

A

menstruation or a period where the blood lining of the uterus lining breaks down and passes blood and cells out of the vagina and cervix.

39
Q

what happens after a period

A

the blood lining slowly grows and thickens for the rest of the cycle

40
Q

what happens at day 14 of the menstrual cycle and what is it controlled by

A

ovulation occurs where one egg from the ovaries is released. controlled by hormones

41
Q

if fertilisation happens what will occur in a female’s body

A

pregnancy and no period until after baby is born

42
Q

if fertilization does not happen, what will happen to the menstrual cycle

A

the cycle keeps going until the female is pregnant.

43
Q

when does the menstrual cycle stop

A

being ages 45 and 55. it is called a MENOPAUSE

44
Q

how long does menstruation take

A

1-5 days. 7 days at most

45
Q

what happens if the egg is not fertilised

A

it dies

46
Q

when is a female most fertile

A

day 6-17

47
Q

when is an egg more likely to release

A

day 12/13 to day 15/16

48
Q

what are gametes

A

sex cells

49
Q

what part of genetic material of a body cell does a gamete have

A

half of the total genetic material. 23 of 46 chromosomes

50
Q

what do gametes do

A

they form together with the opposite gamete to make a full body cell

51
Q

what is fertilisation

A

the process where 1 sperm and 1 ovum fuse together

52
Q

where does fertilisation happen

A

the oviduct or fallopian tubes

53
Q

what is a fertilised egg called

A

zygote

54
Q

what is each ovary connected by to the uterus

A

oviduct or fallopian tubes

55
Q

how does a ovum move through the oviduct to the uterus

A

oviduct is lined with cilia. they are tiny hairs on surface of cells that waft the egg along the inside of the oviduct towards uterus

56
Q

how many eggs are released each month

A

1

57
Q

what is implantation

A

when a embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus to develop further and grow

58
Q

what does semen and sperm do when they are ejaculated in vagina

A

they swim towards the ovum in the oviduct

59
Q

what do zygotes eventually develop into

A

zygote - embryo - foetus

60
Q

how does pregnancy begin

A

the embryo implants itself into the uterus lining

61
Q

what does the zygote do immediately after forming

A

starts to divide and reproduce into stem cells and form a ball of cells

stem cells = cells that have potential to become any type of cell

62
Q

what is the placenta

A

a plate-like structure that provides O2 and nutrients to the foetus and remove the waste from the foetus’ bloodstream

63
Q

what is the umbilical cord

A

a cord that joins the foetus to the placenta and carries the baby’s blood. It allows O2, nutrients, and waste to diffuse between the mothers blood in placenta and baby’s blood in umbilical chord

64
Q

what happens between the umbilical chord and placenta

A

in the placenta, food and oxygen diffuse from the mother’s blood to the foetus’ blood in the umbilical chord and waste products diffuse the other way - baby blood in umbilical chord diffuse waste into placenta holding mother’s blood

65
Q

what is amniotic fluid

A

the foetus is surrounded by a fluid-filled sac or amnion filled with Amniotic fluid. It protects the baby by cushioning them upon impact.

66
Q

how many stages of birth are there

A

3

67
Q

what is stage 1 of birth

A

During early labour

  1. cervix starts to dilate
  2. strong and regular contractions
  3. blood may be present
  4. early labour may last for a few hours or days

During active labour

  1. contractions become stronger and more painful
  2. may feel pressure in lower back
  3. cervix will dilate fully to 10cm
68
Q

what is stage 2 in childbirth

A

stage 2 is child birth
1. can last 20 minutes or many hours
2. pressure on rectum from baby’s head moving will be present
3. baby’s head begins to show or crown
4. the baby is born and umbilical chord is cut

69
Q

what is stage 3 of child birth

A

stage 3 is delivering the placenta
1. contractions start 5-10 minutes after birth
2. you may feel chills
3. it may take 5-30 minutes to deliver the placenta

70
Q

what is pregnancy

A

the period of time in which a foetus develops insides a females womb or uterus

Science Yr9 and 10 (11 decks)

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