Chemistry Yr10 Flashcards
What is a Atom
Substances are made of particles called atoms
Atoms are the smallest unit of an element
What is an Element
Substances that are made up of one specific atom
How many groups (horizontal boxes) does the periodic table have
18
How many Periods (vertical boxes) does the periodic table have
7
What are the properties of Metals
Good at conducting electricity
Shiny
Solid at RTP except mercury which is liquid at RTP
What are properties of Non-metals
Bad at conducting electricity
Dull
Most are gases at RTP while others are solids or liquids
What are the subatomic particles of an Atom and their charges
Proton - Positive
Electron - Negative
Neutron - Neutral
Masses of the subatomic particles
Proton = Neutron
Electron = 1/1840 of a proton/neutron
what is the atomic number
Number of protons
What is the mass number
Number of Neutrons and Protons
What is the electronic configuration of a atom
2
8
8
16
What is a compound
A substance made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined
What is a mixture
A substance made up of 2 or more elements physically mixed together but not chemically so can be reversed`.
What are the three fossil fuels
Oil
Natural Gas
Coal
What are renewable sources of energy and examples
Energy that will never go away and will constantly be there.
Hydro
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
What are non renewable sources of energy
Energy that once used up will be gone forever or a very long time till it comes back
What is Extraction
Separating different compoments present in the same substance
What is Chromotography
Chromatography is a process for separating components like solubles from a mixture using a solvent.
1.Place sample on the pencil line drawn (base line)
2.Place in solvent (below baseline)
3.The solvent (mobile phase) will move up the paper (stationary phase), separating the sample.
4. As the solvent moves, it dissolves the dye molecules of the component. the solvent carries these dissolved molecules up the paper. The dyes that dissolve more easily travel further up the paper.
5.The place, the solvent ends is called the solvent front. (Mark where it ends)
6. Find the distance the dye traveled and divide it by the distance the solvent traveled. This is the Rf value
7. This Rf value never changes for specific components so whatever component’s Rf value matches the one you just calculated means the component that dye represents is the one with the same Rf value.
What is Distillation
Distillation is a process to seperate 2 liquids from a liquid with different boiling points, a liquid from a solid and to seperate a liquid from a mixture with a solid like salt water.
heat up the mixture until vapor comes out. The vapor will travel through the condenser where it will be cooled down with cold water surrounding it, turning the vapor into liquid and producing the distillate.
What is pH
A scale to measure how basic or acidic something is
0 = very acidic
14 = very basic
Properties of acid
sour
burns skin
turns blue litmus paper red
Properties of Base
bitter
slimy
turns red litmus paper blue
What is the neutralisation reaction
It is when a base neutralizes an acid and produces a salt and water
HCL + NaOH = NaCl + H20
What is combustion
Burning a fuel in oxygen so that it produces CO2 or CO and C + Water
WHat happens when a metal is burnt
It forms an oxidised version of the metal
Ca + O2 = CaO
What are alkaline metals
Group 1 metals
What are alkaline earth metals
Group 2 metals
What are noble gases
Group 18 elements
What are halogens
Group 17 elements
What is fractional distillation
The separation of soluble or miscible liquids
It is to separate one substance into many components or fractions through their different boiling points
